Mongols in the Middle East

The Mongols were plunderers, tribe warriors, and leaders of a cross-country domain in the thirteen century.â Also alluded to as the Tatars and brutes, they vanquished Persia before proceeding onward to Europe with the Khan of Khans, Genghis Khan as their most significant leader.â Eventually the Mongols made a realm for themselves which is known as the biggest touching domain in world history. In Europe, the Mongols initially assaulted Hungary in the year 1241.â They crushed all military restriction in Poland and the Balkans before pulling together to push west.â The Mongol intrusion of all Europe could have been finished throughout a year.â However, a sudden message showed up to get back to all Mongols to Genghis Khan.â Europe was halfway delivered.â But Islam was most certainly not. Constantly 1220, the Mongols had caught Samarkand and Bukhara.â And, in the year 1255, the Mongol leaders of Persia did battle against the Caliph of Islam in Baghdad.â Led by Genghis Khan’s grandson, Hulagu Khan, they attacked Syria and Palestine, and in 1258, caught Baghdad, crushing the city and slaughtering the Abbasid Caliph simultaneously. Baghdad, before the Mongol intrusion, was one of the focuses of scholarly movement for the whole globe.â By assaulting the middle, the Mongols practically snuffed out the scholarly blooming of the time.â Besides, the city had its horticulture upheld by a waterway arrange a huge number of years in age.â The Mongols likewise devastated the physical structure of Baghdad †before then alluded to as the City of Peace †by filling in the water system channels and leaving Iraqâ too eliminated to reestablish them.â The brutes had killed around eighty thousand individuals of Baghdad. After Baghdad, the Mongols walked westbound, yet were ended at Ayn Jalut, one of the conclusive front lines of history close to Nazareth in Israel.â In the year 1260, the Turkish and Egyptian powers steered the Mongols at Ayn Jalut, consequently keeping the adversary from assaulting Egypt and North Africa.â The Golden Horde Mongols of Russia favored the Turks and the Egyptians to betray their own sort. By coming into contact with the Muslims through intrusions, incalculable Mongols started to grasp Islam.â Ghazan Khan Mahmud, a Mongol ruler, formally embraced Islam as the religion of the state at the beginning of the fourteenth century.â During this period, the Mongols constructed mosques and schools, and disparaged a wide range of grant. On the other hand, Tamerlane, the world winner, showed up among the Mongols, driving the brute powers to clear down on Central Asia, India, Iran, Iraq, and Syria; possessing Aleppo and Damascus; and undermining the Mamluks.â The Muslims endure their invaders.â Nonetheless, the harm had been done.â Some of the locales involved by the Muslims in the past did never recuperate completely, and the Muslim domain never completely recovered its tremendous force held previously. The Mongol attacks happened to be a significant reason for resulting decay that set in all through the heartland of the Arab East.â The Mongols, in their move through the Muslim world, had murdered and ousted multitudinous researchers just as researchers; demolished libraries alongside their basic works; and in this way set up for general scholarly decrease in the Middle East.â By clearing out the important social, logical, and mechanical inheritance thatâ the Muslim researchers had been protecting for exactly 500 years †the Mongols had left a permanent blemish on the psyches of the Middle Easterners.â After the Mongols, the Middle East never truly arrived at the tallness of scholarly matchless quality it once had reached. The Mongols came to manage the whole Middle East aside from Egypt.â Traditionally the admirers of paradise, the Mongols had put stock in their awesome option to administer the whole world.â The Muslims in the Middle East had additionally had confidence in their own incomparability until this time.â This is on the grounds that the Holy Qur’an had alluded to the devotees as the best of networks raised on earth.â The Mongol attacks were an unpleasant disillusionment for the Muslims of the Middle East, seeing that they indicated how the incomparable Muslim Caliphate could be steered effectively by a band of brutes. A genuine misfortune for the Muslims of the Middle East, Mongols managed the Middle Easterners from Persia rather than Baghdad, pulverizing the Arab feeling of prevalence in the process.â The bosses had transformed into subjects.â This, to be sure, was a significant exercise for Middle Easterners, seeing that the occasions of the hundreds of years to come held much more prominent blows coming up for them. Muslim students of history have affirmed that the Mongol intrusion of the Middle East was a discipline from God for the leaders of the Muslim world that had gone to corruption.â Moreover, God doesn't endure pomposity with respect to a race that comes to control another.â The Middle Easterners had, at this point, seen colossal victories wherever in the world.â And yet, the Abbasids had ousted the Umayyads, along these lines making way for Middle Eastern decline.â This is on the grounds that Islam doesn't set sibling against brother.â It might just be that rulers from the Middle East had started toppling each other for power alone rather than Islam. actually, a similar example was applied among the Mughal rulers of the subcontinent, who also were in the end toppled by â€Å"outsiders†. At the point when the Ottomans were toppled by â€Å"outsiders† after the First World War, it was an update for the Muslim world.â As a self evident truth, the Mongols were brought to mind.â once more, the Muslim Caliphate had been discarded. One reason refered to by Muslim researchers for the fall of the Muslim Caliphate is that a considerable lot of the caliphs who came after Prophet Muhammad and his companions, Abu Bakr, Usman, Umar, and Ali †were crushed on the grounds that they had constructed excellent realms at the expense of disposing of musings about the afterlife.â actually, straight up to the Ottomans, the Muslims had shaped a genuinely wonderful domain. Groups of concubines were normal, and there was simply an excess of fervor over common issues to leave existence in the wake of death alone of much worry to the rulers just as their subjects.â In fact, Muslims are intended to be centered around life following death rather than common affairs.â Even however the glory of David and Solomon isn't despised, huge numbers of the caliphs of Islam after the initial not many ones are really known to have turned an excessive amount of consideration on common affairs.â This, as indicated by Muslim history specialists, was one of the central reasons for Middle Eastern decrease. The Mongols remain in the awareness of the Middle Easterners today as a token of the fierce past †a past for which just they were held responsible.â The update is beneficial.â In purpose of actuality, the historical backdrop of the Mongols among the Middle Easterners is just intended to bring the Muslims of the Middle East nearer to God, and the genuine soul of Islam.  Â

what lead to federation essays

what lead to alliance papers THE ISSUES THAT LED TO THE FEDERATION OF AUSTRALIA From around 1850 1890 there was a solid development for an organization of the states. In around 1857, a Victorian board of trustees expressed that a government association would be in light of a legitimate concern for all the developing settlements. Notwithstanding, there was insufficient intrigue or excitement for making positive strides towards uniting the provinces. A few people imagined that the competition that existed between the provinces was too solid to possibly be ready to go to any understanding. Calls for more prominent solidarity became stronger as the century advanced and a few reasons started to stand apart as huge in the push for an organization between the states. A portion of the explanations behind league to occur included, protection, transport, correspondence, the longing for white Australia and the monetary preferences to be picked up. Barrier was raised as an issue from the 1880s. Every settlement had its own safeguard power and was intensely dependent on the British naval force for insurance. European nations were checking out the region and there was worry that there might be a requirement for a more grounded and progressively brought together barrier power. Pilgrim government realized that it is hard to prevent other European countries from setting up states. At the point when Germany involved the Northern piece of New Guinea, a few people accepted that a unified Australia could have kept Germany out all together. Through a government association of the settlements, there were conservative focal points to be picked up. The duty strategies of the various states were logically all the more disturbing to specialists. Under a league, these eventual evacuated and organized commerce would diminish the expenses of creation and open up new markets. A few lawmakers accepted that the business and legislature of different nations, especially Britain, would be all the more ready to contribute and concede advances to an assembled Australia instead of to singular states. ... <!

Structure and Function in Four Cells Biology Essay

Structure and Function in Four Cells Biology Essay The human body consists of multiple cells that share a common structure while performing different functions. The structure of cells is complex shelled by plasma membrane, which function is to protect the cell from unflavoured entries. Under the shell, the cell is surrounded by cytoplasm, the jelly like nature of which may transform into a grainy substance because of the contained organelles (Levy 43). The largest organelle is the nucleus comprises DNA-carrying chromosomes that shape the function and performance of each cell. The DNA-rich nucleolus within the nucleus is responsible for the development of ribosomal protein and formation of ribosomes. Ribosomes packaged in the nucleus cover endoplasmic reticulum located outside the nucleus and having a rough surface. The core function of the ribosomes is to produce protein and enforce protein synthesis through translating mRNA-carried instructions. Ribosomes-free endoplasmic reticulum regarded as smooth serve to produce lipids and steroid. Lipids are further combined and processes with protein to make surface membrane for the cell’s secretion or lysosomes. The formed lysosomes are responsible for detecting and destroying impaired cells or organelles and bacteria cells by the power of hydrolytic enzymes contained within them (Olson 284). Mitochondria complements the sophisticated cell structure and facilitates aerobic respiration and synthesis at later stages to provide the cell with a chemical energy. The human body is made of multiple cells that contain 23 pairs of chromosomes. The total of cells in an individual body is unknown, as each organism comprises both identifiable and individual cells. Identifiable cells work together to enable the proper function of the organism, which signifies the importance of each cells for the body in terms of existence and sufficiency (Bianconi et al. 463). However, scholars distinguish specialised cells that are accountable for the critical functions in the multi-cellular human organism. There are four types of specialised cells carrying out specific roles and features. In brief, red blood cells perform the function of oxygen carriage. In this respect, they are characterised by a large surface area to allow oxygen to pass through them. In addition, red blood cells contain haemoglobin that joins oxygen in the transfer across the organism (Porth 279). Red blood cells lack the nucleus, which equips them with enough room for carrying out oxygen that is fundamental for the function of any human bodily part and organ. These cells are flexible to go through narrow blood vessels and ensure successful blood circulation in the body. Another type of specialised cells is nerve cells that are responsible for the function of producing and delivering nerve impulses to various body parts. In other words, nurse cells serve to synthesise the overall number of cells and functions occurred within the body. Hence, nerve cells are long to connect within distinct body parts with branching parts at each end. These long-distance connections pass electrical signals that enable the well-formed coherent interaction between different cells (Walker 32). Two other types of specialised cells are dedicated to the reproductive function of the human organism and differ in terms of female and male reproductive cells. The female reproductive cell referred to as egg cell serves to unite with the male cell to form and nourish a new cell. As such, egg cell is large and made of cytoplasm. In its turn, male reproductive cell titled as sperm cell is to reach egg cell and join with it. In this respect, sperm cell has a head used to enter the fem ale cell and a long tail enabling its long-distance and fast swimming (Walker 32). While performing its crucial function of fertilisation, male reproductive cell embeds generic information into a newly formed cell and provides it with the required chemicals for further development. Works Cited Bianconi, Eva, et al. “The Estimation of the Number of Cells in the Human Body.” Annals of Human Biology, vol. 40, no. 6, pp. 463-471. Levy, Leia D. C. “Principles of Pathology.” Principles and Practice of Radiation Therapy, edited by Charles M. Washington, Elsevier Health Sciences, 2015, pp. 42-57. Print. Olson, J. L. “Diagnostic Electron Microscopy.” Essentials of Anatomic Pathology, edited by Liang Cheng and David G. Bostwick, Springer, 2016, pp. 269-290. Print. Porth, Carol. Essentials of Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States. Lippincott Williams Wilkins, 2011. Print. Walker, Denise. Cells and Life Processes. Evans Brothers, 2009. Print.

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Essay about police service - 704 Words

What do you think the key role of the police service is and what skills do you bring to the service to execute that role? The key role of the police is to prevent criminal activity to occur in society. This is demonstrated through the use of detecting criminal behaviour, investigating crime and stopping individuals or groups that create a threat to others. Police enforce the law to provide safety and a sense of security. The key role of the police service is to maintain social order through the guidelines of legislations and government policies to enable a safe environment for society to live in. I think Police service requires officers to engage in other communities, treating them equally as any other. This is because it is essential†¦show more content†¦This is done through police investigation whereby police may patrol the streets via walking, driving, or riding a bicycle. Police investigate crimes such as break and enter, property theft, domestic violence, and malicious damage. By investigating and solving criminal offences in the community, the police are giving protection to others and maintaining social order. The skill that would be used effectively to execute this role is to talk to the offender about the situation and using good negotiation skills, treating him with respect or use reasonable amount of force if necessary depending on the situation. Good negotiation skills may be extremely effective when resolving disputes between neighbours or family members. This skill is important in carrying out policing duties because if society is treated with respect, you will also be treated with respect. If officers do not have the power to arrest, it would be difficult for police to keep society safe from criminals and offenders as they may re-offend. A key role of the police is to be honest, respectful and a trustworthy person. This is important because you may need to work with officers you have never met before. For them to trust you it may be important to share information. At all times truth must be told, as police matters may result in court hearings, and it is only the truth that can distinguish between whether a person is innocent or guilty. In response to this I would behave with discipline andShow MoreRelatedThe Police Service And Police Services1496 Words   |  6 PagesUniversity, once stated â€Å"All parts of the society need to feel that the police service is their police service, and that does not happen unless all parts of society are represented in the police.† (Higgins, 2014) For those of us that have lived in the United States, the notion of having females in our police force is no longer a subject of major controversy. In other countries like Afghanistan, the incorporation of females into the police fo rce is a new occurrence and is undergoing heavy resistance. 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Building Defects Free Essays

Introduction: Decay and deterioration can happen in a building for any number of reasons. The first being poor repair and maintenance of the building over its life by users or those responsible for its maintenance such as a landlord etc. It can also mean that there were original problems with the building that impair its ability to function as intended, these may not have been uncovered during the snagging process at the end of the construction stage. We will write a custom essay sample on Building Defects or any similar topic only for you Order Now These building problems are referred to as defects, depending on the type of contact most contracts have a 12 month defect period, this enables the users (and funders) to live in the building through the different seasons and see if any problems occur. A latent defect is after the 12 month defect period has lapsed and the new building shows signs of problems that are so significant that they can stop its functionality (a latent defect period can last up to 12 years on some contracts). Please find below some common reasons for defects: * Design Issues Design professionals (such as architects or engineers) could perhaps specify material or equipment that cannot perform as intended. For example: a geological survey that does not cover enough areas on a site could mean that the subsoil is not consistent across the site and therefore could eventually cause subsidence in the building. The architect’s motivation for the design may be with the building form, function or aesthetics but the completed design could result as a defect as any cost considerations or value engineering if not well planned, managed and coordinated could result in a defects. The use of inferior building materials can cause problems such as windows that leak or fail to perform and function adequately, even when properly installed. Leaking windows are a common defect and prevention requires good workmanship. * Site supervision during construction period Poor supervision during the construction period can result in poor quality and sub standard workmanship. For example: this can often manifest in water infiltration through some portion of the building structure (cracks in oundations, floor slabs, walls, dry rotting of wood or other building materials), electrical and mechanical problems, plumbing leaks and back-ups, lack of appropriate sound insulation and fire-resistive construction between adjacent housing units, etc. The above can prevented with a good Quality Assurance process in place that ensures that all trades are well supervised on site, accurate records are kept on workmanship (this can include pictorial evidence) and guidance is given to all staf f on the quality expectations that have to be achieved on site. The traditional role of Clerk of Works should also be used to ensure that all measures are met on site level. * Maintenance No building lasts forever. Day to day planned maintenance of a building is required to ensure that it prevents any problems in the future. Poor planned maintence can cause defects to occur in buildings that would have performed well had they been cared for properly. For example: a master plan for the buildings mechanical and electrical (Mamp;E) equipment to be replaced (such as Boiler replacements, lighting upgrades, ICT Category cabling upgrades etc. also phased window or roof replacement schedule to ensure that all that entire building envelope is protected to protect from the elements. If maintenance of buildings are not kept up to date then in some contracts ‘latent defects’ would not be honoured as the users have not maintained the works that were carried out in line with the contract therefore the contractors would not be obligated to rectify any defective works. * Service installation Some equipment requires regular servicing under the terms of its guarantee. For example: If a boiler that has been installed with a 10 year warranty is not annually serviced then the manufacture can advise that the user did not meet their obligations and therefore any replacement in the 10 year period would fall to the user to fund. Common Defects found in Low-Rise Housing: Please see below mock defects sheets in relation to the defects outlined in ‘Common Defects in Low-Rise Housing’. These outline the defect, the cause of the defect, the remedy required to rectify the defect and finally any supporting building regulations/guidelines that support this process. STAGE:A| WORKS/JOB SHEET NO. 6| LOCATION:South Wall| DATE:26th May 2010| BRE REF NO. Defect Action Sheet 116| DEFECT: Insufficient wall ties below Damp-proof Level | CAUSE: Poor design and specification | FUNCTION:A wall tie is a small piece of metal generally made of steel that is installed between a cavity wall void or between two adjoining walls. The purpose of this is to keep both walls together at all times. A wall tie allows slight movement for expansion but if correctly fitted stops each wall acting independently of one another so therefore keeps the building strong and stable. | DEFECTIVE AREA: * Corroded and show signs of de-laminating (this is when the metal starts to peel and splinter) * Corroded due to water egress (decaying of the tie means loss of strength) * Corroded show signs of ferrous oxide (this is when the metal bubbles and expands) this can cause lifting and cracking the brickwork * Cavity walling that is blocked with decayed mortar that bridged the DPC. Poorly fitted wall ties (this means that it does not function as originally intended) * Incorrect wall ties used (there are 4 different types of wall ties – each tie has its own best area for use)| DEFECTIVE CORRECTION REQUIRED: * Ties should be placed at 900mm centres horizontally and 450mm vertically * Sufficient lap of Damp proof course is required all round * Wall ties to be of a minimum size 5/m2 * Ensure tha t ties are as specified and are of the correct type * Use BS or BBA Certificated ties of length and type suitable for cavity width and purpose * Space ties in accordance with BS 5628: Pt 3: 2001. For example: the cavity width should be 50 to 300mm, number of ties 2. 5 per m2, 900 mm horizontally 450mm vertically and provide extra ties adjacent to openings * Check that there is a row of ties at every sixth course of bricks * Ties should be staggered and evenly distributed * Check that the horizontal spacing’s have the correct number of specified ties per m2 * Check that ties are at every block course within 225mm of opening | RELEVANT BRITISH STANDARD:| * BS:5628 Pt 3. 2001 | | | | | STAGE:A| WORKS/JOB SHEET NO. 1| LOCATION:Rear externals| DATE:26th May 2010| BRE REF NO. Defect Action Sheet 96| DEFECT: Mature trees too close | CAUSE: Poor design and specification | FUNCTION:Movement where a building is in close proximity of a mature trees. This is a common problem found generally in the following species Oak, Poplar, Ash, Plane, Willow and Elm although any very large mature tree close to a building can spell disaster. These trees require a considerable amount of water to grow much of this is taken up by their root system. For example: a mature poplar can take up to 50,000 litres of water from the sub-soil each year. The more mature the tree the greater amount of water it requires. The outcome of the site survey and soil investigation should inform the decision on the type of substructure to be used for the proposed buildings in relation to soil type, saturation levels and lay of land e. g. sloping etc. It is recommended that buildings be built at least a distance equivalent to the tree’s height away from that tree to protect both the tree and the building although in some cases of Willow, Poplar and Elm the root radius can be twice that of the tree height. DEFECTIVE AREA: * The trees potential root radius has not been calculated correctly * Poor choice of substructure for the new building| DEFECTIVE CORRECTION REQUIRED: * Repair works require the retrospective installation of a root barrier (see attached diagram). This means detailed surveys are required to identify were the tree roots are. If the tree has a Tree preservation order (TPO) on it then any damage to its roots could mean an ap pearance in Majesties court and a fine up to ? 20,000| RELEVANT BRITISH STANDARD:| * BS:5837 * Approved Document A amp; C * Tree Preservation Orders: A Guide to the Law and Good Practice 2000| STAGE:A| WORKS/JOB SHEET NO. 22| LOCATION:Flank wall| DATE:26th May 2010| BRE REF NO. Defect Action Sheet | DEFECT: Poor Mortars, Bricks, Blocks in sub-structure| CAUSE: Poor design and specification Poor site supervision| FUNCTION:Mortar is used a bonding agent to secure brick and block work. These three elements used together ensure that the building is sound, secure and water tight. | DEFECTIVE AREA: * Poor specification of an inferior brick and blocks that are engineered to support the loadings of the finished building is poor design planning. A poorly specified mortar could also be the reason that water could ingress the building this could lead to significant problems later for the building. * Poor site supervision of this area could mean that the mortar is poorly laid or not given enough time to set, or could even have been laid in the wrong temperatures such as Frosty weather. | DEFECTIVE CORRECTION REQUIRED: * The building may require additional support. For example: underpinning externally could support the substructure sufficiently enough to take the load away from the problem areas. The best method in this case is to pile and beam. This method stabilises the existing substructure by using piles installed either side of  an existing wall. A small excavation is made below the ground level and a reinforced concrete needle beam is used to connect the piles and support the wall. * Reducing the distance between needle beams can accommodate very high loads. | RELEVANT BRITISH STANDARD:| * | STAGE:D| WORKS/JOB SHEET NO. 24| LOCATION:Internal/External various locations| DATE:26th May 2010| BRE REF NO. Defect Action Sheet | DEFECT: Notches and holes for services mis-positioned and oversized| CAUSE: Poor design Poor site supervision| FUNCTION:The location of holes and notches for services is very important in relation to the functionality and quality of finish to the end building. A misplaced large hole could lead incorrectly fitted lighting, heaters, light switches etc. | DEFECTIVE AREA: * Poor design drawings that are sent to site with the wrong measurements could mean that the location and shape of the holes for services are installed as per the drawing. It is more lightly that this defect would be down to poor site supervision. This could mean that the inappropriate person has been tasked to carry out this work such as a labourer that does not have the skill to read drawings but was asked to install holes for services rather than an electrician or electrician’s mate (i. e. being supervised by the trade lead at all times)| DEFECTIVE CORRECTION REQUIRED: * If caught early e nough this should not be a great problem to resolve on site. However, if this was left to practical completion were the building is being handed over to the user/occupier then the works to rectify could be much greater and could include the following: * Re-routing electrics and mechanical pipe works to suit correct dimensions * Repositioning of all electrical and mechanical equipment * No direct connection to main sewer therefore re routing all connections to bathrooms, kitchens and any sinks etc| RELEVANT BRITISH STANDARD:| * | STAGE:D| WORKS/JOB SHEET NO. 30| LOCATION:Door No. GF32| DATE:26th May 2010| BRE REF NO. Defect Action Sheet | DEFECT: Lintels in external walls: missing, damaged, bedding, insulation| CAUSE: Poor design and specificationPoor site supervision| FUNCTION:A Lintel is a piece of steel or concrete that is used as a support in walls. These are generally used above openings (such as windows or doors) in the wall to support the load above. Lintels are usually supplied with load bearing at each end for 100mm openings up to/including 1000mm, 150mm for openings up to/including 3000mm and 200mm for openings over 3000mm. For spans in excess of 1200mm, it is good practice to provide temporary support such as an Acro at every 1200mm point. DEFECTIVE AREA: * Poor design could mean that the location window or door opening is in a difficult position to properly fit the correct size lintel * Poor specification could mean that a concrete lintel is specified when the location requires a small and compact steel lintel * Poor site supervision could mean that the area were the lintel is to be i nstalled in not supported prior to installation and therefore the floor above is already sagging with the load. Also installation of the wring lintel in time will show on the exterior and interior of the building. DEFECTIVE CORRECTION REQUIRED: * Lintels should be carefully bedded on a full mortar joint * Wall ties should be positioned in accordance with current building regulations * A damp proof course should be used for all lintels in external walls, and must be fixed in accordance with building regulations * In cavity construction, it is recommended that both internal and external leaves are taken up uniformly * It is good building practice to insert a flexible joint between the lintel and the top of the frame| RELEVANT BRITISH STANDARD:| * BS:12 * BS:882| STAGE:E| WORKS/JOB SHEET NO. 20| LOCATION:| DATE:26th May 2010| BRE REF NO. Defect Action Sheet 73 amp; 74| DEFECT: Floor joist quality and installation: not graded or marked, bowing and twisting, high moisture content and wet rot| CAUSE: Poor specification Poor site supervision| FUNCTION:A floor joist is a beam of wood that stretches from one side of the sub-floor to the other bridging the floor load bearers. They are the essential component to the foundation of each floor level and floor boards are laid onto of them to give a foundation to any floor covering. Wood should be marked Top/Bottom, be graded (for the load) and have a kite mark or brand number referring to BS: EN 14250. | DEFECTIVE AREA: * Poor specification of a floor joist can mean that the wood used is not the correct grading to support the load. This can mean that the floor in time will show effects of overload bowing and twisting are one of the signs. * Poor site supervision of this area could mean that the wood has not been stored correctly on site meaning that it is now warped and twisted and has high water content. If wet rot occurs it is generally at the bearings of timber joists in external walls. For example: the sole or head plates rather than in the studs. | DEFECTIVE CORRECTION REQUIRED: * An assessment on if there is any ‘dead air’ within the cavity between the joists and the floor board. If so, then air bricks (to BS:493) can be installed into the external walls to allow air flow. If wet rot is localised in small area then minor repairs can be made * If poor ungraded wood has been installed then the floor will have to be taken up and reinstalled with the correct graded wood to ensure it complies with current building regulations. | RELEVANT BRITISH STANDARD:| * BS:EN 14250 * BS:493| Area H: Defect| Drains below foundations| Reason for Defect:| * Broken or damaged pipes * Failure to washout subsoil leading to foundation settlement; * Lack of clearance to debris or materials * Lack of flexible joints. * Non compliance with Approved Document H * Non compliance with the Public Health Act revised 1985 * Non compliance with Building regulations C part 2 * Incorrect type and size of pipe used for subsoil drainage * Drainage not laid to correct gradient| Specification Issue:| * Possible poor quality drainage pipes specified| Design Issue: | No| Site Supervision Issue:| * Compliance with Approved Doc H * Compliance with Public Health Act 1985 * Compliance with Building regulations C part 2 * Correct size and type of pipe use for each type of drainage identified e. g. foul, rainwater, soil type. * Ensure movement joints are in place * Ensure drainage meets the required gradient * Ensure pipes are clear from obstructions * Check pipes are not broken or damaged prior to installation. | Maintenance:| No| Responsible area:| The above defect is due to poor management on site on manual labour workforce| Image:| Ref: Image taken from NHBC Good Craftsmanship Guide for Drainage| Area H: Defect| Installation of DPC and DPM| Reason for Defect:| * DPC pointed or rendered over * DPCs bridged by mortar droppings * DPM punctured * DPCs and DPMs not lapped * Fill and paving not kept at least 150mm below DPC * DPM should comply with BS CP 102, Section 3, and Building Regulations Approved Document C. | Specification Issue:| No| Design Issue: | No| Site Supervision Issue: | * Check that edging of DPM projects enough to lap later with the DPC * Sheet should be sealed with adhesive tape and any punctures patched with an overlap of no less than 150mm * Use polyethylene sheet not less than 500 gauge and should carry a BBA certificate or is to the PIFA standard| Maintenance:| No| Responsible area:| The above defect is due to poor management on site on manual labour workforce| Image: | Ref: Image taken from http://www. bricksandbrass. co. uk/images/walls/damp. gif| Area H: Defect| Damp walls | Reason for Defect:| * No DPC installation in walls * Poorly installation of DPC in walls| Specification Issue:| No| Design Issue: | No| Site Supervision Issue:| * A responsible contractor should understand the importance of DPC within the external walls * If just poorly installed retrospective DPC injections can be used to back fill in areas that require additional waterproofing * If no damp proof course is in place then Electro Osmosis method can be used this is when a low voltage steel stake is placed intermediately around the external walls as long as the unit is on it will keep the damp at bay | Maintenance:| No| Responsible area:| The above defect is due to poor management on site on manual labour workforce| Image: | Ref: Image taken from www. petercox. co. uk/prevent| Area J: Defect| No lintel above the window and doors | Reason for Defect:| * No installation of lintel above window and door openings| Specification Issues:| * Possible incorrect lintel specified * | Design Issue: | * For an architect to exclude lintels from the design, it means that they have not complied with building regulations. This is not only a design floor but a dangerous and hazardous way to leave the building| Site Supervision Issue: | No| Maintenance:| No| Responsible area:| The above defect is due to poor design management by the design team and should have been picked up by various professionals along the process including Building Control| Image: | Ref: Image taken from http://www. bancroftcentre. org/images/eco/insulation. bmp| Area J: Defect| Plaster break up on internal walls and ceilings| Reason for Defect:| * Bond failure between plasterwork and plasterboard due to ‘watering down’ of bonding agent * Plaster itself poor quality or poorly mixed together (plasterer should have a mate to mix for them as plaster can ‘go off’ quickly) * Cracking due to movement * Drying out period hurried and room artificially heated to increase drying time| Specification Issue:| * Poor quality bond or plaster | Design Issue: | No| Site Supervision Issue: | * Remove poor quality plaster, apply a thick oat of Unibond allow to dry and then re-applying a suitably mixed plaster (plasterer should have a mate to mix for them as plaster can ‘go off’ quickly) * Ventilate and allow to naturally dry out| Maintenance:| * Poor maintenance of internal finishing can make plaster work decay and break up * Poor ventilation or extreme weather (if no heating) then plaster can become brittle and break up| Responsible area:| The above defect is due to poor management on site on manual labour workforce and/or poor maintenance by the occupier/users| Image:| Ref: Images taken from Google images ‘plaster work’| Area J: Defect| Shrinkage to wooden floor joists| Reason for Defect:| * Temperature to install to extreme * Stored poorly on site allowing water to penetrate – Part C of the Building Regulations â€Å"Site preparation and resistance to contaminants and moisture† * Area needs better ventilation| Specification Issue:| No| Design Issue: | No| Site Supervision Issue:| * A responsible contractor should have the knowledge and experience to know at what temperatures they can have to install after the installation * Air bricks may need to be installed in the external walls tp improve under floor ventilation * All materials should be stored off the ground and well covered in accordance with building regulations| Maintenance:| No| Responsible area:| The above defect is due to poor management on site on manual labour workforce| Image:| Ref: Image taken from Google images ‘defective timber joists’| Area K: Defect| External wall movement| Reason for Defect:| * Incorrect substructure * Restraints missing from wall to floor| Specification Issue:| No| Design Issue: | * Substructure must be designed following an accurate soil survey, bore holes are taken from the proposed site and are inspected in laboratory condition. * The soil samples are tested and categorised in accordance with their load value * Then detailed calculations are erformed by structural engineers to establish the most suitable substructure for the proposed building * Below a ‘tell tale’ is a measuring device that can check how much a crack is moving over a period of time| Site Supervision Issue: | No| Maintenance:| No| Responsible area:| The above defect is due to poor design management by the design team and should have been picked up by various professionals along the process including Building Control| Image:| Ref: Image of a ‘tell-tale’ taken from Google images| Area K: Defect| External wall movement| Reason for Defect:| * No cavity tray installed to discharge water outwards * No weep hole specified in brickwork at lowest tray * No flashing identified, Lead or a suitable substitute should be installed in accordance with BS 1178 * All roof tiles to Part C of the Building Regulations â€Å"Site preparation and resistance to contaminants and moisture†| Specification Issue:| No| Design Issue: | No| Site Installation amp; Supervision Issue | * A responsible contractor should install cavity tray to ensure water is discharged correctly * Ensure appropriate weep hole is installed in the brickwork at the lowest tray level * Install appropriate flashings where required * Ensure tiles and drainage is compliant with Building Regulations Part C| Maintenance:| No| Responsible area:| The above defect is due to poor management on site on manual labour workforce| Image:| How to cite Building Defects, Papers

Advances in Digital Marketing for Podcast Format -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theAdvances in Digital Marketing for Podcast Format. Answer: Introduction: This course work aims to discuss the advances and opportunities that the digital marketing can create in this world of fast growing technology. There are various strengths and weaknesses of the podcast format that help the podcast creators to gain scopes for advancement. Moreover, there are several strategies which may be followed for enhancing the listeners or audience involvement with the presentation. As podcasts continue to grow in popularity, they can be a tool to use to advocate for the promotion of the centre (Vasilopoulos et al. 2015). The coursework finally concludes with the critical evaluation of the recommendations that the creators have used to repurposing the contents and achieve perfect conversion goals. Strengths and weaknesses of the podcast format: Podcast is a sequence of digital media files that are either digital video or audio, mainly episodic, program driven and downloadable. It is mainly applicable with the particular theme or a host. It is convenient and reaches via an automated feed with the computer software. RSS has the similar nature of those of podcast that allow the subscribers for subscribe to the sets of feeds for viewing syndicated the website contents. The format that is used for podcasting, mainly RSS 2.0 with enclosures. The enclosures refer to all binary (non-text) downloads.The lists of all audio and video files associated with the given series can be maintained particularly on the server of the distributor as web feed. The listener as well as viewer employs a special client application software termed as pod catcher. It can access that web feed of the distributor, check for updates then download all the new files in that series (Shah, Cappella and Neuman 2015).There are numerous strengths and weaknesses of this podcasting facility. Strengths: Convenience: iPod can play podcast files hence the users can view as well as listen to their favourite files anytime and anywhere. For doing this they do not need to sit before their computers for reviewing their files. Podcasting is very much valuable for the selected age groups where the students can follow up the important information in order to complete understanding of their work ideas or lessons. They can learn various modalities beyond their selected studies. These audio and video files can aid or supplement for studying. These files can be easily and inexpensively created as well as downloaded in any of the websites. Hence the lectures or presentation can be accessed at any time offering supple learning options. Easily reachable: materials such as presentation and transcripts consisting any audio and video files, needs to be fully accessible. Editing as well as uploading of the high-quality files may be time consuming. Larger files need storm broad band connections creating worse situation for the slow dial up connection users. On the other hand, the podcasting can be accessible for any kind of users just making sure that they have mp3 player or iPods. Easy to create: creating podcast is very easy. The users only need a computer or even a smartphone. Where there will be a software for recording the presentation. The users also need a connection for uploading it in the internet (Paterson et al 2015). It is very inexpensive that the selected age group can easily make it. There are multiple sites that can help the users to reach a wide range of audience. The users can buy software packages in order to edit the podcasts, add desired sound effects and save them for future use. Weaknesses: Not searchable: podcasts are not easily searchable. Despite the fact that there are numerous search engines available for identifying the desired podcast but it sometimes become impossible to directly search one particular audio file. Time consuming: podcasting is used by the professors to both provide and receive information for the students. However, the main disadvantage of this kind of facility is that the professors need to invest huge time to find and check the students files because web is a public place as well as vast. Larger files will be needing more time for the professors to check. Limited audience: podcasting needs computer or smartphone along with high speed data connection. Many of the students do not have access in the medium. Moreover, the people who prefer reading something to listing or watch, podcasting is of no use to them. loss of control: unlike any other digital mediums, podcasts are quite easy to share. Hence the creators of the podcasts need to take steps for protecting their files against unauthorised file copying and sharing (Koo, Chung and Kim 2015). The materials can contain audios and videos for personal study which may be accessed by other students if not copyrighted. Distraction: allowing the usage of iPod in the universities can be a major reason of poor result or productivity due to distraction the segmented age cohort of 22 and 30 years with iPods can be side-tracked easily and listen to their favourite music or watch videos instead of doing actual works. Using the podcast format in consumer engagement: Podcast always provides scopes for bringing back the listeners to the sites community. As well as extending the conversation. The creators can grab the opportunity to ask for giving their feedbacks about the series which will help them to increase engagements that the creator cannot have through one of emails. The podcast makers can build a good relationship with the listeners then can send promotional contents via personal emails (Merhi 2015). Here they can engage in detailed ideas for future podcasts or to review the previouspodcasts for improving the quality. In increasing consumer engagement, the podcast format can have a video transcription or blog written on that particular subject about which the podcast ids actually made (Lin et al. 2016). It will serve more people and engage them to remain connected with the podcast builders. The podcasts can be used for campaigning for which the loyalty between the creator and the listener is essential. Through proper application of presentation, the podcast builders will have a strong group of followers who will act of the suggestions of the maker. Repurposing the vlog content: Repurposing the vlog is necessary for reaching more people as well as the promotion of the university. As the vlog has disclosed the happy and positive issues that the students feel in the university, the visual effect that the vlog aims to deliver can be used to attract more people to share their perception (Alam et al. 2016). This vlog focuses purely on the target audience who are mainly the international students but if repurposed, this vlog can have more engaging podcast and achieve the objective of repurposing. As mentioned before the video podcast have been created for one particular segment of audience hence restructuring the video content into an audio will not be acceptable for the audience but turning it into a blog post can be good enough to reach more people. According to Nwosu et al. (2017), the vlog has a story telling nature hence transforming it into a written blog will be reaching both the native and the international students of the university. In addition to this, the story presented in the vlog, can be delivered through the transcription. Here the content will be transcript which will have more audience penetration. Beside this, this vlog can be used for making a series later by creating more vlog like this. They can be focussing on the same issue or different according to the response of the listeners. The chief aim is the gain more audience engagements, hence the creators needs to take more innovative steps to gain popularity. Innovative steps to reach more audience: For reaching more audience and gain popularities some steps are to be followed these are- Create High-Value Show Notes for SEO, Links, and Sharing by using Show Notes to rank on Google. The creators can make show notes highly shareable in order to get featured. Repurposing the episodes to promote on other platforms like YouTube Sound cloud can be used to host the podcast Making new episodes for Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and Pinterest featuring guestswith an audience will attract more audience promoting podcast is to go on other podcasts in same niche submitting episodes to aggregators and message boards so that it can be promoted to other audiences, open to interesting videos, articles, podcasts and other media. asking for reviews to increase ranking which may be done through running a giveaway and building email lists to get reviews (Tiago and Verssimo 2014). Business objective and level of engagement: Through this podcast medium the creators can connect with their audience and use more casual tones (Brust, Cooke and Yeung 2015). This sense of connection as well as comfort allow the listeners to ask many questions hence the creator can analyse or discuss the sections that he had skipped beforehand. This will lead to personal as well as organisational success. The perfect delivery of the perception which the podcast makers desire to convey through their presentations, will effectively increase the dependence of the listeners because through this medium, they will have more answers to be described hence remain connected to get more productions which will build relationship and bring fame. This will motivate to publish next series of podcast. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that podcast is one of the most important medium which has been built for one particular segment of the students of the university. Despite the fact that there are numerous drawbacks of this medium, its positive application cannot be avoided. Like all other social media platforms, this podcast can be used to have a positive effect on the target audience. For this reason, listener engagement is quite essential. Engaging with audience is a key for every type of successful content marketing. Podcasts allow the creators to facilitate both on-air and off-air engagement with the listeners. The podcast builders will be finding various new ways for connecting with the audience which is vital for keeping the brand relevant as well as valuable. References: Alam, F., Boet, S., Piquette, D., Lai, A., Perkes, C.P. and LeBlanc, V.R., 2016. E-learning optimization: the relative and combined effects of mental practice and modeling on enhanced podcast-based learninga randomized controlled trial.Advances in Health Sciences Education,21(4), pp.789-802. Brust, T., Cooke, L. and Yeung, M., 2015. A Randomized-Controlled Trial Comparing Efficacy and User Satisfaction of Audio Podcasts Versus a Traditional Lecture on Multiple Sclerosis in Family Medicine Resident Education (P4. 195).Neurology,84(14 Supplement), pp.P4-195. Koo, C., Chung, N. and Kim, D.J., 2015. How do social media transform politics? The role of a podcast,Naneun Ggomsudain South Korea.Information Development,31(5), pp.421-434. Lin, M., Joshi, N., Grock, A., Swaminathan, A., Morley, E.J., Branzetti, J., Taira, T., Ankel, F. and Yarris, L.M., 2016. Approved instructional resources series: a national initiative to identify quality emergency medicine blog and podcast content for resident education.Journal of graduate medical education,8(2), pp.219-225. Merhi, M.I., 2015. Factors influencing higher education students to adopt podcast: An empirical study.Computers Education,83, pp.32-43. Nwosu, A.C., Monnery, D., Reid, V.L. and Chapman, L., 2017. Use of podcast technology to facilitate education, communication and dissemination in palliative care: the development of the AmiPal podcast.BMJ supportive palliative care,7(2), pp.212-217. Paterson, Q.S., Thoma, B., Milne, W.K., Lin, M. and Chan, T.M., 2015. A systematic review and qualitative analysis to determine quality indicators for health professions education blogs and podcasts.Journal of graduate medical education,7(4), pp.549-554. Shah, D.V., Cappella, J.N. and Neuman, W.R., 2015. Big data, digital media, and computational social science: Possibilities and perils.The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science,659(1), pp.6-13. Vasilopoulos, T., Chau, D.F., Bensalem-Owen, M., Cibula, J.E. and Fahy, B.G., 2015. Prior podcast experience moderates improvement in electroencephalography evaluation after educational podcast module.Anesthesia Analgesia,121(3), pp.791-797. Tiago, M.T.P.M.B. and Verssimo, J.M.C., 2014. Digital marketing and social media: Why bother?.Business Horizons,57(6), pp.703-708.