Mongols in the Middle East

The Mongols were plunderers, tribe warriors, and leaders of a cross-country domain in the thirteen century.â Also alluded to as the Tatars and brutes, they vanquished Persia before proceeding onward to Europe with the Khan of Khans, Genghis Khan as their most significant leader.â Eventually the Mongols made a realm for themselves which is known as the biggest touching domain in world history. In Europe, the Mongols initially assaulted Hungary in the year 1241.â They crushed all military restriction in Poland and the Balkans before pulling together to push west.â The Mongol intrusion of all Europe could have been finished throughout a year.â However, a sudden message showed up to get back to all Mongols to Genghis Khan.â Europe was halfway delivered.â But Islam was most certainly not. Constantly 1220, the Mongols had caught Samarkand and Bukhara.â And, in the year 1255, the Mongol leaders of Persia did battle against the Caliph of Islam in Baghdad.â Led by Genghis Khan’s grandson, Hulagu Khan, they attacked Syria and Palestine, and in 1258, caught Baghdad, crushing the city and slaughtering the Abbasid Caliph simultaneously. Baghdad, before the Mongol intrusion, was one of the focuses of scholarly movement for the whole globe.â By assaulting the middle, the Mongols practically snuffed out the scholarly blooming of the time.â Besides, the city had its horticulture upheld by a waterway arrange a huge number of years in age.â The Mongols likewise devastated the physical structure of Baghdad †before then alluded to as the City of Peace †by filling in the water system channels and leaving Iraqâ too eliminated to reestablish them.â The brutes had killed around eighty thousand individuals of Baghdad. After Baghdad, the Mongols walked westbound, yet were ended at Ayn Jalut, one of the conclusive front lines of history close to Nazareth in Israel.â In the year 1260, the Turkish and Egyptian powers steered the Mongols at Ayn Jalut, consequently keeping the adversary from assaulting Egypt and North Africa.â The Golden Horde Mongols of Russia favored the Turks and the Egyptians to betray their own sort. By coming into contact with the Muslims through intrusions, incalculable Mongols started to grasp Islam.â Ghazan Khan Mahmud, a Mongol ruler, formally embraced Islam as the religion of the state at the beginning of the fourteenth century.â During this period, the Mongols constructed mosques and schools, and disparaged a wide range of grant. On the other hand, Tamerlane, the world winner, showed up among the Mongols, driving the brute powers to clear down on Central Asia, India, Iran, Iraq, and Syria; possessing Aleppo and Damascus; and undermining the Mamluks.â The Muslims endure their invaders.â Nonetheless, the harm had been done.â Some of the locales involved by the Muslims in the past did never recuperate completely, and the Muslim domain never completely recovered its tremendous force held previously. The Mongol attacks happened to be a significant reason for resulting decay that set in all through the heartland of the Arab East.â The Mongols, in their move through the Muslim world, had murdered and ousted multitudinous researchers just as researchers; demolished libraries alongside their basic works; and in this way set up for general scholarly decrease in the Middle East.â By clearing out the important social, logical, and mechanical inheritance thatâ the Muslim researchers had been protecting for exactly 500 years †the Mongols had left a permanent blemish on the psyches of the Middle Easterners.â After the Mongols, the Middle East never truly arrived at the tallness of scholarly matchless quality it once had reached. The Mongols came to manage the whole Middle East aside from Egypt.â Traditionally the admirers of paradise, the Mongols had put stock in their awesome option to administer the whole world.â The Muslims in the Middle East had additionally had confidence in their own incomparability until this time.â This is on the grounds that the Holy Qur’an had alluded to the devotees as the best of networks raised on earth.â The Mongol attacks were an unpleasant disillusionment for the Muslims of the Middle East, seeing that they indicated how the incomparable Muslim Caliphate could be steered effectively by a band of brutes. A genuine misfortune for the Muslims of the Middle East, Mongols managed the Middle Easterners from Persia rather than Baghdad, pulverizing the Arab feeling of prevalence in the process.â The bosses had transformed into subjects.â This, to be sure, was a significant exercise for Middle Easterners, seeing that the occasions of the hundreds of years to come held much more prominent blows coming up for them. Muslim students of history have affirmed that the Mongol intrusion of the Middle East was a discipline from God for the leaders of the Muslim world that had gone to corruption.â Moreover, God doesn't endure pomposity with respect to a race that comes to control another.â The Middle Easterners had, at this point, seen colossal victories wherever in the world.â And yet, the Abbasids had ousted the Umayyads, along these lines making way for Middle Eastern decline.â This is on the grounds that Islam doesn't set sibling against brother.â It might just be that rulers from the Middle East had started toppling each other for power alone rather than Islam. actually, a similar example was applied among the Mughal rulers of the subcontinent, who also were in the end toppled by â€Å"outsiders†. At the point when the Ottomans were toppled by â€Å"outsiders† after the First World War, it was an update for the Muslim world.â As a self evident truth, the Mongols were brought to mind.â once more, the Muslim Caliphate had been discarded. One reason refered to by Muslim researchers for the fall of the Muslim Caliphate is that a considerable lot of the caliphs who came after Prophet Muhammad and his companions, Abu Bakr, Usman, Umar, and Ali †were crushed on the grounds that they had constructed excellent realms at the expense of disposing of musings about the afterlife.â actually, straight up to the Ottomans, the Muslims had shaped a genuinely wonderful domain. Groups of concubines were normal, and there was simply an excess of fervor over common issues to leave existence in the wake of death alone of much worry to the rulers just as their subjects.â In fact, Muslims are intended to be centered around life following death rather than common affairs.â Even however the glory of David and Solomon isn't despised, huge numbers of the caliphs of Islam after the initial not many ones are really known to have turned an excessive amount of consideration on common affairs.â This, as indicated by Muslim history specialists, was one of the central reasons for Middle Eastern decrease. The Mongols remain in the awareness of the Middle Easterners today as a token of the fierce past †a past for which just they were held responsible.â The update is beneficial.â In purpose of actuality, the historical backdrop of the Mongols among the Middle Easterners is just intended to bring the Muslims of the Middle East nearer to God, and the genuine soul of Islam.  Â

what lead to federation essays

what lead to alliance papers THE ISSUES THAT LED TO THE FEDERATION OF AUSTRALIA From around 1850 1890 there was a solid development for an organization of the states. In around 1857, a Victorian board of trustees expressed that a government association would be in light of a legitimate concern for all the developing settlements. Notwithstanding, there was insufficient intrigue or excitement for making positive strides towards uniting the provinces. A few people imagined that the competition that existed between the provinces was too solid to possibly be ready to go to any understanding. Calls for more prominent solidarity became stronger as the century advanced and a few reasons started to stand apart as huge in the push for an organization between the states. A portion of the explanations behind league to occur included, protection, transport, correspondence, the longing for white Australia and the monetary preferences to be picked up. Barrier was raised as an issue from the 1880s. Every settlement had its own safeguard power and was intensely dependent on the British naval force for insurance. European nations were checking out the region and there was worry that there might be a requirement for a more grounded and progressively brought together barrier power. Pilgrim government realized that it is hard to prevent other European countries from setting up states. At the point when Germany involved the Northern piece of New Guinea, a few people accepted that a unified Australia could have kept Germany out all together. Through a government association of the settlements, there were conservative focal points to be picked up. The duty strategies of the various states were logically all the more disturbing to specialists. Under a league, these eventual evacuated and organized commerce would diminish the expenses of creation and open up new markets. A few lawmakers accepted that the business and legislature of different nations, especially Britain, would be all the more ready to contribute and concede advances to an assembled Australia instead of to singular states. ... <!

Structure and Function in Four Cells Biology Essay

Structure and Function in Four Cells Biology Essay The human body consists of multiple cells that share a common structure while performing different functions. The structure of cells is complex shelled by plasma membrane, which function is to protect the cell from unflavoured entries. Under the shell, the cell is surrounded by cytoplasm, the jelly like nature of which may transform into a grainy substance because of the contained organelles (Levy 43). The largest organelle is the nucleus comprises DNA-carrying chromosomes that shape the function and performance of each cell. The DNA-rich nucleolus within the nucleus is responsible for the development of ribosomal protein and formation of ribosomes. Ribosomes packaged in the nucleus cover endoplasmic reticulum located outside the nucleus and having a rough surface. The core function of the ribosomes is to produce protein and enforce protein synthesis through translating mRNA-carried instructions. Ribosomes-free endoplasmic reticulum regarded as smooth serve to produce lipids and steroid. Lipids are further combined and processes with protein to make surface membrane for the cell’s secretion or lysosomes. The formed lysosomes are responsible for detecting and destroying impaired cells or organelles and bacteria cells by the power of hydrolytic enzymes contained within them (Olson 284). Mitochondria complements the sophisticated cell structure and facilitates aerobic respiration and synthesis at later stages to provide the cell with a chemical energy. The human body is made of multiple cells that contain 23 pairs of chromosomes. The total of cells in an individual body is unknown, as each organism comprises both identifiable and individual cells. Identifiable cells work together to enable the proper function of the organism, which signifies the importance of each cells for the body in terms of existence and sufficiency (Bianconi et al. 463). However, scholars distinguish specialised cells that are accountable for the critical functions in the multi-cellular human organism. There are four types of specialised cells carrying out specific roles and features. In brief, red blood cells perform the function of oxygen carriage. In this respect, they are characterised by a large surface area to allow oxygen to pass through them. In addition, red blood cells contain haemoglobin that joins oxygen in the transfer across the organism (Porth 279). Red blood cells lack the nucleus, which equips them with enough room for carrying out oxygen that is fundamental for the function of any human bodily part and organ. These cells are flexible to go through narrow blood vessels and ensure successful blood circulation in the body. Another type of specialised cells is nerve cells that are responsible for the function of producing and delivering nerve impulses to various body parts. In other words, nurse cells serve to synthesise the overall number of cells and functions occurred within the body. Hence, nerve cells are long to connect within distinct body parts with branching parts at each end. These long-distance connections pass electrical signals that enable the well-formed coherent interaction between different cells (Walker 32). Two other types of specialised cells are dedicated to the reproductive function of the human organism and differ in terms of female and male reproductive cells. The female reproductive cell referred to as egg cell serves to unite with the male cell to form and nourish a new cell. As such, egg cell is large and made of cytoplasm. In its turn, male reproductive cell titled as sperm cell is to reach egg cell and join with it. In this respect, sperm cell has a head used to enter the fem ale cell and a long tail enabling its long-distance and fast swimming (Walker 32). While performing its crucial function of fertilisation, male reproductive cell embeds generic information into a newly formed cell and provides it with the required chemicals for further development. Works Cited Bianconi, Eva, et al. “The Estimation of the Number of Cells in the Human Body.” Annals of Human Biology, vol. 40, no. 6, pp. 463-471. Levy, Leia D. C. “Principles of Pathology.” Principles and Practice of Radiation Therapy, edited by Charles M. Washington, Elsevier Health Sciences, 2015, pp. 42-57. Print. Olson, J. L. “Diagnostic Electron Microscopy.” Essentials of Anatomic Pathology, edited by Liang Cheng and David G. Bostwick, Springer, 2016, pp. 269-290. Print. Porth, Carol. Essentials of Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States. Lippincott Williams Wilkins, 2011. Print. Walker, Denise. Cells and Life Processes. Evans Brothers, 2009. Print.

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Essay about police service - 704 Words

What do you think the key role of the police service is and what skills do you bring to the service to execute that role? The key role of the police is to prevent criminal activity to occur in society. This is demonstrated through the use of detecting criminal behaviour, investigating crime and stopping individuals or groups that create a threat to others. Police enforce the law to provide safety and a sense of security. The key role of the police service is to maintain social order through the guidelines of legislations and government policies to enable a safe environment for society to live in. I think Police service requires officers to engage in other communities, treating them equally as any other. This is because it is essential†¦show more content†¦This is done through police investigation whereby police may patrol the streets via walking, driving, or riding a bicycle. Police investigate crimes such as break and enter, property theft, domestic violence, and malicious damage. By investigating and solving criminal offences in the community, the police are giving protection to others and maintaining social order. The skill that would be used effectively to execute this role is to talk to the offender about the situation and using good negotiation skills, treating him with respect or use reasonable amount of force if necessary depending on the situation. Good negotiation skills may be extremely effective when resolving disputes between neighbours or family members. This skill is important in carrying out policing duties because if society is treated with respect, you will also be treated with respect. If officers do not have the power to arrest, it would be difficult for police to keep society safe from criminals and offenders as they may re-offend. A key role of the police is to be honest, respectful and a trustworthy person. This is important because you may need to work with officers you have never met before. For them to trust you it may be important to share information. At all times truth must be told, as police matters may result in court hearings, and it is only the truth that can distinguish between whether a person is innocent or guilty. In response to this I would behave with discipline andShow MoreRelatedThe Police Service And Police Services1496 Words   |  6 PagesUniversity, once stated â€Å"All parts of the society need to feel that the police service is their police service, and that does not happen unless all parts of society are represented in the police.† (Higgins, 2014) For those of us that have lived in the United States, the notion of having females in our police force is no longer a subject of major controversy. In other countries like Afghanistan, the incorporation of females into the police fo rce is a new occurrence and is undergoing heavy resistance. 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Building Defects Free Essays

Introduction: Decay and deterioration can happen in a building for any number of reasons. The first being poor repair and maintenance of the building over its life by users or those responsible for its maintenance such as a landlord etc. It can also mean that there were original problems with the building that impair its ability to function as intended, these may not have been uncovered during the snagging process at the end of the construction stage. We will write a custom essay sample on Building Defects or any similar topic only for you Order Now These building problems are referred to as defects, depending on the type of contact most contracts have a 12 month defect period, this enables the users (and funders) to live in the building through the different seasons and see if any problems occur. A latent defect is after the 12 month defect period has lapsed and the new building shows signs of problems that are so significant that they can stop its functionality (a latent defect period can last up to 12 years on some contracts). Please find below some common reasons for defects: * Design Issues Design professionals (such as architects or engineers) could perhaps specify material or equipment that cannot perform as intended. For example: a geological survey that does not cover enough areas on a site could mean that the subsoil is not consistent across the site and therefore could eventually cause subsidence in the building. The architect’s motivation for the design may be with the building form, function or aesthetics but the completed design could result as a defect as any cost considerations or value engineering if not well planned, managed and coordinated could result in a defects. The use of inferior building materials can cause problems such as windows that leak or fail to perform and function adequately, even when properly installed. Leaking windows are a common defect and prevention requires good workmanship. * Site supervision during construction period Poor supervision during the construction period can result in poor quality and sub standard workmanship. For example: this can often manifest in water infiltration through some portion of the building structure (cracks in oundations, floor slabs, walls, dry rotting of wood or other building materials), electrical and mechanical problems, plumbing leaks and back-ups, lack of appropriate sound insulation and fire-resistive construction between adjacent housing units, etc. The above can prevented with a good Quality Assurance process in place that ensures that all trades are well supervised on site, accurate records are kept on workmanship (this can include pictorial evidence) and guidance is given to all staf f on the quality expectations that have to be achieved on site. The traditional role of Clerk of Works should also be used to ensure that all measures are met on site level. * Maintenance No building lasts forever. Day to day planned maintenance of a building is required to ensure that it prevents any problems in the future. Poor planned maintence can cause defects to occur in buildings that would have performed well had they been cared for properly. For example: a master plan for the buildings mechanical and electrical (Mamp;E) equipment to be replaced (such as Boiler replacements, lighting upgrades, ICT Category cabling upgrades etc. also phased window or roof replacement schedule to ensure that all that entire building envelope is protected to protect from the elements. If maintenance of buildings are not kept up to date then in some contracts ‘latent defects’ would not be honoured as the users have not maintained the works that were carried out in line with the contract therefore the contractors would not be obligated to rectify any defective works. * Service installation Some equipment requires regular servicing under the terms of its guarantee. For example: If a boiler that has been installed with a 10 year warranty is not annually serviced then the manufacture can advise that the user did not meet their obligations and therefore any replacement in the 10 year period would fall to the user to fund. Common Defects found in Low-Rise Housing: Please see below mock defects sheets in relation to the defects outlined in ‘Common Defects in Low-Rise Housing’. These outline the defect, the cause of the defect, the remedy required to rectify the defect and finally any supporting building regulations/guidelines that support this process. STAGE:A| WORKS/JOB SHEET NO. 6| LOCATION:South Wall| DATE:26th May 2010| BRE REF NO. Defect Action Sheet 116| DEFECT: Insufficient wall ties below Damp-proof Level | CAUSE: Poor design and specification | FUNCTION:A wall tie is a small piece of metal generally made of steel that is installed between a cavity wall void or between two adjoining walls. The purpose of this is to keep both walls together at all times. A wall tie allows slight movement for expansion but if correctly fitted stops each wall acting independently of one another so therefore keeps the building strong and stable. | DEFECTIVE AREA: * Corroded and show signs of de-laminating (this is when the metal starts to peel and splinter) * Corroded due to water egress (decaying of the tie means loss of strength) * Corroded show signs of ferrous oxide (this is when the metal bubbles and expands) this can cause lifting and cracking the brickwork * Cavity walling that is blocked with decayed mortar that bridged the DPC. Poorly fitted wall ties (this means that it does not function as originally intended) * Incorrect wall ties used (there are 4 different types of wall ties – each tie has its own best area for use)| DEFECTIVE CORRECTION REQUIRED: * Ties should be placed at 900mm centres horizontally and 450mm vertically * Sufficient lap of Damp proof course is required all round * Wall ties to be of a minimum size 5/m2 * Ensure tha t ties are as specified and are of the correct type * Use BS or BBA Certificated ties of length and type suitable for cavity width and purpose * Space ties in accordance with BS 5628: Pt 3: 2001. For example: the cavity width should be 50 to 300mm, number of ties 2. 5 per m2, 900 mm horizontally 450mm vertically and provide extra ties adjacent to openings * Check that there is a row of ties at every sixth course of bricks * Ties should be staggered and evenly distributed * Check that the horizontal spacing’s have the correct number of specified ties per m2 * Check that ties are at every block course within 225mm of opening | RELEVANT BRITISH STANDARD:| * BS:5628 Pt 3. 2001 | | | | | STAGE:A| WORKS/JOB SHEET NO. 1| LOCATION:Rear externals| DATE:26th May 2010| BRE REF NO. Defect Action Sheet 96| DEFECT: Mature trees too close | CAUSE: Poor design and specification | FUNCTION:Movement where a building is in close proximity of a mature trees. This is a common problem found generally in the following species Oak, Poplar, Ash, Plane, Willow and Elm although any very large mature tree close to a building can spell disaster. These trees require a considerable amount of water to grow much of this is taken up by their root system. For example: a mature poplar can take up to 50,000 litres of water from the sub-soil each year. The more mature the tree the greater amount of water it requires. The outcome of the site survey and soil investigation should inform the decision on the type of substructure to be used for the proposed buildings in relation to soil type, saturation levels and lay of land e. g. sloping etc. It is recommended that buildings be built at least a distance equivalent to the tree’s height away from that tree to protect both the tree and the building although in some cases of Willow, Poplar and Elm the root radius can be twice that of the tree height. DEFECTIVE AREA: * The trees potential root radius has not been calculated correctly * Poor choice of substructure for the new building| DEFECTIVE CORRECTION REQUIRED: * Repair works require the retrospective installation of a root barrier (see attached diagram). This means detailed surveys are required to identify were the tree roots are. If the tree has a Tree preservation order (TPO) on it then any damage to its roots could mean an ap pearance in Majesties court and a fine up to ? 20,000| RELEVANT BRITISH STANDARD:| * BS:5837 * Approved Document A amp; C * Tree Preservation Orders: A Guide to the Law and Good Practice 2000| STAGE:A| WORKS/JOB SHEET NO. 22| LOCATION:Flank wall| DATE:26th May 2010| BRE REF NO. Defect Action Sheet | DEFECT: Poor Mortars, Bricks, Blocks in sub-structure| CAUSE: Poor design and specification Poor site supervision| FUNCTION:Mortar is used a bonding agent to secure brick and block work. These three elements used together ensure that the building is sound, secure and water tight. | DEFECTIVE AREA: * Poor specification of an inferior brick and blocks that are engineered to support the loadings of the finished building is poor design planning. A poorly specified mortar could also be the reason that water could ingress the building this could lead to significant problems later for the building. * Poor site supervision of this area could mean that the mortar is poorly laid or not given enough time to set, or could even have been laid in the wrong temperatures such as Frosty weather. | DEFECTIVE CORRECTION REQUIRED: * The building may require additional support. For example: underpinning externally could support the substructure sufficiently enough to take the load away from the problem areas. The best method in this case is to pile and beam. This method stabilises the existing substructure by using piles installed either side of  an existing wall. A small excavation is made below the ground level and a reinforced concrete needle beam is used to connect the piles and support the wall. * Reducing the distance between needle beams can accommodate very high loads. | RELEVANT BRITISH STANDARD:| * | STAGE:D| WORKS/JOB SHEET NO. 24| LOCATION:Internal/External various locations| DATE:26th May 2010| BRE REF NO. Defect Action Sheet | DEFECT: Notches and holes for services mis-positioned and oversized| CAUSE: Poor design Poor site supervision| FUNCTION:The location of holes and notches for services is very important in relation to the functionality and quality of finish to the end building. A misplaced large hole could lead incorrectly fitted lighting, heaters, light switches etc. | DEFECTIVE AREA: * Poor design drawings that are sent to site with the wrong measurements could mean that the location and shape of the holes for services are installed as per the drawing. It is more lightly that this defect would be down to poor site supervision. This could mean that the inappropriate person has been tasked to carry out this work such as a labourer that does not have the skill to read drawings but was asked to install holes for services rather than an electrician or electrician’s mate (i. e. being supervised by the trade lead at all times)| DEFECTIVE CORRECTION REQUIRED: * If caught early e nough this should not be a great problem to resolve on site. However, if this was left to practical completion were the building is being handed over to the user/occupier then the works to rectify could be much greater and could include the following: * Re-routing electrics and mechanical pipe works to suit correct dimensions * Repositioning of all electrical and mechanical equipment * No direct connection to main sewer therefore re routing all connections to bathrooms, kitchens and any sinks etc| RELEVANT BRITISH STANDARD:| * | STAGE:D| WORKS/JOB SHEET NO. 30| LOCATION:Door No. GF32| DATE:26th May 2010| BRE REF NO. Defect Action Sheet | DEFECT: Lintels in external walls: missing, damaged, bedding, insulation| CAUSE: Poor design and specificationPoor site supervision| FUNCTION:A Lintel is a piece of steel or concrete that is used as a support in walls. These are generally used above openings (such as windows or doors) in the wall to support the load above. Lintels are usually supplied with load bearing at each end for 100mm openings up to/including 1000mm, 150mm for openings up to/including 3000mm and 200mm for openings over 3000mm. For spans in excess of 1200mm, it is good practice to provide temporary support such as an Acro at every 1200mm point. DEFECTIVE AREA: * Poor design could mean that the location window or door opening is in a difficult position to properly fit the correct size lintel * Poor specification could mean that a concrete lintel is specified when the location requires a small and compact steel lintel * Poor site supervision could mean that the area were the lintel is to be i nstalled in not supported prior to installation and therefore the floor above is already sagging with the load. Also installation of the wring lintel in time will show on the exterior and interior of the building. DEFECTIVE CORRECTION REQUIRED: * Lintels should be carefully bedded on a full mortar joint * Wall ties should be positioned in accordance with current building regulations * A damp proof course should be used for all lintels in external walls, and must be fixed in accordance with building regulations * In cavity construction, it is recommended that both internal and external leaves are taken up uniformly * It is good building practice to insert a flexible joint between the lintel and the top of the frame| RELEVANT BRITISH STANDARD:| * BS:12 * BS:882| STAGE:E| WORKS/JOB SHEET NO. 20| LOCATION:| DATE:26th May 2010| BRE REF NO. Defect Action Sheet 73 amp; 74| DEFECT: Floor joist quality and installation: not graded or marked, bowing and twisting, high moisture content and wet rot| CAUSE: Poor specification Poor site supervision| FUNCTION:A floor joist is a beam of wood that stretches from one side of the sub-floor to the other bridging the floor load bearers. They are the essential component to the foundation of each floor level and floor boards are laid onto of them to give a foundation to any floor covering. Wood should be marked Top/Bottom, be graded (for the load) and have a kite mark or brand number referring to BS: EN 14250. | DEFECTIVE AREA: * Poor specification of a floor joist can mean that the wood used is not the correct grading to support the load. This can mean that the floor in time will show effects of overload bowing and twisting are one of the signs. * Poor site supervision of this area could mean that the wood has not been stored correctly on site meaning that it is now warped and twisted and has high water content. If wet rot occurs it is generally at the bearings of timber joists in external walls. For example: the sole or head plates rather than in the studs. | DEFECTIVE CORRECTION REQUIRED: * An assessment on if there is any ‘dead air’ within the cavity between the joists and the floor board. If so, then air bricks (to BS:493) can be installed into the external walls to allow air flow. If wet rot is localised in small area then minor repairs can be made * If poor ungraded wood has been installed then the floor will have to be taken up and reinstalled with the correct graded wood to ensure it complies with current building regulations. | RELEVANT BRITISH STANDARD:| * BS:EN 14250 * BS:493| Area H: Defect| Drains below foundations| Reason for Defect:| * Broken or damaged pipes * Failure to washout subsoil leading to foundation settlement; * Lack of clearance to debris or materials * Lack of flexible joints. * Non compliance with Approved Document H * Non compliance with the Public Health Act revised 1985 * Non compliance with Building regulations C part 2 * Incorrect type and size of pipe used for subsoil drainage * Drainage not laid to correct gradient| Specification Issue:| * Possible poor quality drainage pipes specified| Design Issue: | No| Site Supervision Issue:| * Compliance with Approved Doc H * Compliance with Public Health Act 1985 * Compliance with Building regulations C part 2 * Correct size and type of pipe use for each type of drainage identified e. g. foul, rainwater, soil type. * Ensure movement joints are in place * Ensure drainage meets the required gradient * Ensure pipes are clear from obstructions * Check pipes are not broken or damaged prior to installation. | Maintenance:| No| Responsible area:| The above defect is due to poor management on site on manual labour workforce| Image:| Ref: Image taken from NHBC Good Craftsmanship Guide for Drainage| Area H: Defect| Installation of DPC and DPM| Reason for Defect:| * DPC pointed or rendered over * DPCs bridged by mortar droppings * DPM punctured * DPCs and DPMs not lapped * Fill and paving not kept at least 150mm below DPC * DPM should comply with BS CP 102, Section 3, and Building Regulations Approved Document C. | Specification Issue:| No| Design Issue: | No| Site Supervision Issue: | * Check that edging of DPM projects enough to lap later with the DPC * Sheet should be sealed with adhesive tape and any punctures patched with an overlap of no less than 150mm * Use polyethylene sheet not less than 500 gauge and should carry a BBA certificate or is to the PIFA standard| Maintenance:| No| Responsible area:| The above defect is due to poor management on site on manual labour workforce| Image: | Ref: Image taken from http://www. bricksandbrass. co. uk/images/walls/damp. gif| Area H: Defect| Damp walls | Reason for Defect:| * No DPC installation in walls * Poorly installation of DPC in walls| Specification Issue:| No| Design Issue: | No| Site Supervision Issue:| * A responsible contractor should understand the importance of DPC within the external walls * If just poorly installed retrospective DPC injections can be used to back fill in areas that require additional waterproofing * If no damp proof course is in place then Electro Osmosis method can be used this is when a low voltage steel stake is placed intermediately around the external walls as long as the unit is on it will keep the damp at bay | Maintenance:| No| Responsible area:| The above defect is due to poor management on site on manual labour workforce| Image: | Ref: Image taken from www. petercox. co. uk/prevent| Area J: Defect| No lintel above the window and doors | Reason for Defect:| * No installation of lintel above window and door openings| Specification Issues:| * Possible incorrect lintel specified * | Design Issue: | * For an architect to exclude lintels from the design, it means that they have not complied with building regulations. This is not only a design floor but a dangerous and hazardous way to leave the building| Site Supervision Issue: | No| Maintenance:| No| Responsible area:| The above defect is due to poor design management by the design team and should have been picked up by various professionals along the process including Building Control| Image: | Ref: Image taken from http://www. bancroftcentre. org/images/eco/insulation. bmp| Area J: Defect| Plaster break up on internal walls and ceilings| Reason for Defect:| * Bond failure between plasterwork and plasterboard due to ‘watering down’ of bonding agent * Plaster itself poor quality or poorly mixed together (plasterer should have a mate to mix for them as plaster can ‘go off’ quickly) * Cracking due to movement * Drying out period hurried and room artificially heated to increase drying time| Specification Issue:| * Poor quality bond or plaster | Design Issue: | No| Site Supervision Issue: | * Remove poor quality plaster, apply a thick oat of Unibond allow to dry and then re-applying a suitably mixed plaster (plasterer should have a mate to mix for them as plaster can ‘go off’ quickly) * Ventilate and allow to naturally dry out| Maintenance:| * Poor maintenance of internal finishing can make plaster work decay and break up * Poor ventilation or extreme weather (if no heating) then plaster can become brittle and break up| Responsible area:| The above defect is due to poor management on site on manual labour workforce and/or poor maintenance by the occupier/users| Image:| Ref: Images taken from Google images ‘plaster work’| Area J: Defect| Shrinkage to wooden floor joists| Reason for Defect:| * Temperature to install to extreme * Stored poorly on site allowing water to penetrate – Part C of the Building Regulations â€Å"Site preparation and resistance to contaminants and moisture† * Area needs better ventilation| Specification Issue:| No| Design Issue: | No| Site Supervision Issue:| * A responsible contractor should have the knowledge and experience to know at what temperatures they can have to install after the installation * Air bricks may need to be installed in the external walls tp improve under floor ventilation * All materials should be stored off the ground and well covered in accordance with building regulations| Maintenance:| No| Responsible area:| The above defect is due to poor management on site on manual labour workforce| Image:| Ref: Image taken from Google images ‘defective timber joists’| Area K: Defect| External wall movement| Reason for Defect:| * Incorrect substructure * Restraints missing from wall to floor| Specification Issue:| No| Design Issue: | * Substructure must be designed following an accurate soil survey, bore holes are taken from the proposed site and are inspected in laboratory condition. * The soil samples are tested and categorised in accordance with their load value * Then detailed calculations are erformed by structural engineers to establish the most suitable substructure for the proposed building * Below a ‘tell tale’ is a measuring device that can check how much a crack is moving over a period of time| Site Supervision Issue: | No| Maintenance:| No| Responsible area:| The above defect is due to poor design management by the design team and should have been picked up by various professionals along the process including Building Control| Image:| Ref: Image of a ‘tell-tale’ taken from Google images| Area K: Defect| External wall movement| Reason for Defect:| * No cavity tray installed to discharge water outwards * No weep hole specified in brickwork at lowest tray * No flashing identified, Lead or a suitable substitute should be installed in accordance with BS 1178 * All roof tiles to Part C of the Building Regulations â€Å"Site preparation and resistance to contaminants and moisture†| Specification Issue:| No| Design Issue: | No| Site Installation amp; Supervision Issue | * A responsible contractor should install cavity tray to ensure water is discharged correctly * Ensure appropriate weep hole is installed in the brickwork at the lowest tray level * Install appropriate flashings where required * Ensure tiles and drainage is compliant with Building Regulations Part C| Maintenance:| No| Responsible area:| The above defect is due to poor management on site on manual labour workforce| Image:| How to cite Building Defects, Papers

Advances in Digital Marketing for Podcast Format -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theAdvances in Digital Marketing for Podcast Format. Answer: Introduction: This course work aims to discuss the advances and opportunities that the digital marketing can create in this world of fast growing technology. There are various strengths and weaknesses of the podcast format that help the podcast creators to gain scopes for advancement. Moreover, there are several strategies which may be followed for enhancing the listeners or audience involvement with the presentation. As podcasts continue to grow in popularity, they can be a tool to use to advocate for the promotion of the centre (Vasilopoulos et al. 2015). The coursework finally concludes with the critical evaluation of the recommendations that the creators have used to repurposing the contents and achieve perfect conversion goals. Strengths and weaknesses of the podcast format: Podcast is a sequence of digital media files that are either digital video or audio, mainly episodic, program driven and downloadable. It is mainly applicable with the particular theme or a host. It is convenient and reaches via an automated feed with the computer software. RSS has the similar nature of those of podcast that allow the subscribers for subscribe to the sets of feeds for viewing syndicated the website contents. The format that is used for podcasting, mainly RSS 2.0 with enclosures. The enclosures refer to all binary (non-text) downloads.The lists of all audio and video files associated with the given series can be maintained particularly on the server of the distributor as web feed. The listener as well as viewer employs a special client application software termed as pod catcher. It can access that web feed of the distributor, check for updates then download all the new files in that series (Shah, Cappella and Neuman 2015).There are numerous strengths and weaknesses of this podcasting facility. Strengths: Convenience: iPod can play podcast files hence the users can view as well as listen to their favourite files anytime and anywhere. For doing this they do not need to sit before their computers for reviewing their files. Podcasting is very much valuable for the selected age groups where the students can follow up the important information in order to complete understanding of their work ideas or lessons. They can learn various modalities beyond their selected studies. These audio and video files can aid or supplement for studying. These files can be easily and inexpensively created as well as downloaded in any of the websites. Hence the lectures or presentation can be accessed at any time offering supple learning options. Easily reachable: materials such as presentation and transcripts consisting any audio and video files, needs to be fully accessible. Editing as well as uploading of the high-quality files may be time consuming. Larger files need storm broad band connections creating worse situation for the slow dial up connection users. On the other hand, the podcasting can be accessible for any kind of users just making sure that they have mp3 player or iPods. Easy to create: creating podcast is very easy. The users only need a computer or even a smartphone. Where there will be a software for recording the presentation. The users also need a connection for uploading it in the internet (Paterson et al 2015). It is very inexpensive that the selected age group can easily make it. There are multiple sites that can help the users to reach a wide range of audience. The users can buy software packages in order to edit the podcasts, add desired sound effects and save them for future use. Weaknesses: Not searchable: podcasts are not easily searchable. Despite the fact that there are numerous search engines available for identifying the desired podcast but it sometimes become impossible to directly search one particular audio file. Time consuming: podcasting is used by the professors to both provide and receive information for the students. However, the main disadvantage of this kind of facility is that the professors need to invest huge time to find and check the students files because web is a public place as well as vast. Larger files will be needing more time for the professors to check. Limited audience: podcasting needs computer or smartphone along with high speed data connection. Many of the students do not have access in the medium. Moreover, the people who prefer reading something to listing or watch, podcasting is of no use to them. loss of control: unlike any other digital mediums, podcasts are quite easy to share. Hence the creators of the podcasts need to take steps for protecting their files against unauthorised file copying and sharing (Koo, Chung and Kim 2015). The materials can contain audios and videos for personal study which may be accessed by other students if not copyrighted. Distraction: allowing the usage of iPod in the universities can be a major reason of poor result or productivity due to distraction the segmented age cohort of 22 and 30 years with iPods can be side-tracked easily and listen to their favourite music or watch videos instead of doing actual works. Using the podcast format in consumer engagement: Podcast always provides scopes for bringing back the listeners to the sites community. As well as extending the conversation. The creators can grab the opportunity to ask for giving their feedbacks about the series which will help them to increase engagements that the creator cannot have through one of emails. The podcast makers can build a good relationship with the listeners then can send promotional contents via personal emails (Merhi 2015). Here they can engage in detailed ideas for future podcasts or to review the previouspodcasts for improving the quality. In increasing consumer engagement, the podcast format can have a video transcription or blog written on that particular subject about which the podcast ids actually made (Lin et al. 2016). It will serve more people and engage them to remain connected with the podcast builders. The podcasts can be used for campaigning for which the loyalty between the creator and the listener is essential. Through proper application of presentation, the podcast builders will have a strong group of followers who will act of the suggestions of the maker. Repurposing the vlog content: Repurposing the vlog is necessary for reaching more people as well as the promotion of the university. As the vlog has disclosed the happy and positive issues that the students feel in the university, the visual effect that the vlog aims to deliver can be used to attract more people to share their perception (Alam et al. 2016). This vlog focuses purely on the target audience who are mainly the international students but if repurposed, this vlog can have more engaging podcast and achieve the objective of repurposing. As mentioned before the video podcast have been created for one particular segment of audience hence restructuring the video content into an audio will not be acceptable for the audience but turning it into a blog post can be good enough to reach more people. According to Nwosu et al. (2017), the vlog has a story telling nature hence transforming it into a written blog will be reaching both the native and the international students of the university. In addition to this, the story presented in the vlog, can be delivered through the transcription. Here the content will be transcript which will have more audience penetration. Beside this, this vlog can be used for making a series later by creating more vlog like this. They can be focussing on the same issue or different according to the response of the listeners. The chief aim is the gain more audience engagements, hence the creators needs to take more innovative steps to gain popularity. Innovative steps to reach more audience: For reaching more audience and gain popularities some steps are to be followed these are- Create High-Value Show Notes for SEO, Links, and Sharing by using Show Notes to rank on Google. The creators can make show notes highly shareable in order to get featured. Repurposing the episodes to promote on other platforms like YouTube Sound cloud can be used to host the podcast Making new episodes for Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and Pinterest featuring guestswith an audience will attract more audience promoting podcast is to go on other podcasts in same niche submitting episodes to aggregators and message boards so that it can be promoted to other audiences, open to interesting videos, articles, podcasts and other media. asking for reviews to increase ranking which may be done through running a giveaway and building email lists to get reviews (Tiago and Verssimo 2014). Business objective and level of engagement: Through this podcast medium the creators can connect with their audience and use more casual tones (Brust, Cooke and Yeung 2015). This sense of connection as well as comfort allow the listeners to ask many questions hence the creator can analyse or discuss the sections that he had skipped beforehand. This will lead to personal as well as organisational success. The perfect delivery of the perception which the podcast makers desire to convey through their presentations, will effectively increase the dependence of the listeners because through this medium, they will have more answers to be described hence remain connected to get more productions which will build relationship and bring fame. This will motivate to publish next series of podcast. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that podcast is one of the most important medium which has been built for one particular segment of the students of the university. Despite the fact that there are numerous drawbacks of this medium, its positive application cannot be avoided. Like all other social media platforms, this podcast can be used to have a positive effect on the target audience. For this reason, listener engagement is quite essential. Engaging with audience is a key for every type of successful content marketing. Podcasts allow the creators to facilitate both on-air and off-air engagement with the listeners. The podcast builders will be finding various new ways for connecting with the audience which is vital for keeping the brand relevant as well as valuable. References: Alam, F., Boet, S., Piquette, D., Lai, A., Perkes, C.P. and LeBlanc, V.R., 2016. E-learning optimization: the relative and combined effects of mental practice and modeling on enhanced podcast-based learninga randomized controlled trial.Advances in Health Sciences Education,21(4), pp.789-802. Brust, T., Cooke, L. and Yeung, M., 2015. A Randomized-Controlled Trial Comparing Efficacy and User Satisfaction of Audio Podcasts Versus a Traditional Lecture on Multiple Sclerosis in Family Medicine Resident Education (P4. 195).Neurology,84(14 Supplement), pp.P4-195. Koo, C., Chung, N. and Kim, D.J., 2015. How do social media transform politics? The role of a podcast,Naneun Ggomsudain South Korea.Information Development,31(5), pp.421-434. Lin, M., Joshi, N., Grock, A., Swaminathan, A., Morley, E.J., Branzetti, J., Taira, T., Ankel, F. and Yarris, L.M., 2016. Approved instructional resources series: a national initiative to identify quality emergency medicine blog and podcast content for resident education.Journal of graduate medical education,8(2), pp.219-225. Merhi, M.I., 2015. Factors influencing higher education students to adopt podcast: An empirical study.Computers Education,83, pp.32-43. Nwosu, A.C., Monnery, D., Reid, V.L. and Chapman, L., 2017. Use of podcast technology to facilitate education, communication and dissemination in palliative care: the development of the AmiPal podcast.BMJ supportive palliative care,7(2), pp.212-217. Paterson, Q.S., Thoma, B., Milne, W.K., Lin, M. and Chan, T.M., 2015. A systematic review and qualitative analysis to determine quality indicators for health professions education blogs and podcasts.Journal of graduate medical education,7(4), pp.549-554. Shah, D.V., Cappella, J.N. and Neuman, W.R., 2015. Big data, digital media, and computational social science: Possibilities and perils.The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science,659(1), pp.6-13. Vasilopoulos, T., Chau, D.F., Bensalem-Owen, M., Cibula, J.E. and Fahy, B.G., 2015. Prior podcast experience moderates improvement in electroencephalography evaluation after educational podcast module.Anesthesia Analgesia,121(3), pp.791-797. Tiago, M.T.P.M.B. and Verssimo, J.M.C., 2014. Digital marketing and social media: Why bother?.Business Horizons,57(6), pp.703-708.

Myasthenia Gravis Essays - Autoimmune Diseases,

Myasthenia Gravis Myasthenia Gravis is an autoimmune neuromuscular disorder. The term myasthenia is Latin for muscle weakness, and gravis for grave or serious. It is characterized by random weakness of voluntary muscle groups. Muscle groups most commonly affected include the eye muscles, facial, chewing and swallowing muscles, and shoulder and hip muscles. It is typical for a myasthenic patient to have a flattened smile, droopy eyes and an ineffective cough due to weak expiratory muscles, are all also associated with MG. Most myasthenic patients usually dont complain of extensive feelings of fatigue. They experience localized fatigue in specific, repeatedly used muscles. Today, MG is one of the most thoroughly understood neurological disorders, which has lead to treatments, which enormously improves the length and quality of life of myasthenics. Myasthenia Gravis is an autoimmune disease in which the lymphocytes in the blood produce antibodies that destroy muscle-cell sites for the reception of acetylcholine molecules. Normally, acetylcholine is used in signal transmission between nerves and muscles, its goal is to provide muscle contractions. The diagnosis for MG is often very difficult. Since there are many disorders that cause weakness, a number of tests may be used to determine a diagnosis of MG. In addition to a complete medical and neurological evaluation, a blood test for the abnormal antibodies can be completed to see if they are present. Three studies are used for the diagnosis of MG, anit-AchR antibody titers, the Tensilon test, and electromyography, including both the Jolly test and single fiber EMG. Used together, these three studies are almost 100% sensitive for Myasthenia Gravis. There is no known cure for MG, but there are effective treatments that allow many, bur not all people with MG, to lead full regular lives. Therefore, the next concern would be to decrease or eliminate the symptoms that go along with the disease. Common treatments include medications, thymectomy and plasmaphersis. Thymectomy is the surgical removal of the thymus glad. By removing the thymus gland it lessens the severity of the MG weakness after many months. Plasmapheresis or plasma exchange is a procedure of removing the abnormal antibodies from the plasma of the blood. This is brief due to the abnormal antibodies continually producing. Treatment is based on the individual and their severity of the MG weakness and the patients age and sex. There may be minimal restrictions on lifestyle, sexuality, and on some activities in many cases. Chemicals such as pesticides and insecticides, hot tubs, and extremes in temperature should be avoided, which can interfere with the AcH. Remission is possible but there is no cure. The only hope for treatment for Myasthenia Gravis is depending upon the testing and research that is continually being done. Medicine Essays

clicks essays

clicks essays Have you ever walked around a high school campus and seen a group of kids that wear the same type of clothes, act the same way, and have the same opinions about everything? This is what I call a clique. Cliques can be good and bad, but they are discriminatory! You always will have a clique known as the preps or the rich kids. These are the kids who wear mostly name brands like Gap, Abercrombie t see any one beneath them so those people dont matter. There are a lot of people who do not like preps. Another clique you will always see is the punksters. These are your kids who wear baggy pants and thrift shore shirts with yard sale shoes. They dye their hair and like to rebel against authority and all that try to oppose their views. Punksters live day by day and dont care much for what people think about them. People like to classify this clique with people who do drugs all the time, which is not always true. Most of the time they are the one who are straight-edge (people who dont do drugs or drink). Many people get along with this clique. No matter where you live you will always have rednecks. Rednecks are people who drive big trucks, listen to rap, and always hang out at Wally-world(Wal-Mart). They have contest for whose truck has the tallest antenna. They wear tight jeans and big belt buckles. They like to talk with country accents so people will know what clique they are in. Even though they are the ones who like to go mudding in their trucks, they are some of the most down to earth people you will meet. Most people still just look at this group and dismiss them and leave them to them-selves. ...

Pay Equity Solutions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Pay Equity Solutions - Essay Example In 1967 the wage gap between men and women was 58.4% which increased to 72.5% by the end of 1997 (Drolet, 2001). The wage gap is even wider when it comes to nationality, looks, skills and learning ability, color, religion, caste, social and marital status of women. Pay equity revolves around the concept of equal payments to equivalent job tasks irrespective of the worker’s gender. Women have a right to be paid equally as men on the basis of the skills and knowledge. It in one of the basic women rights which is protected by the constitution. Equality Provision is mentioned in the 15th section of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedom (Harewood, 2004). Additionally the Canadian Human Rights Act strictly forbids the discrimination in wages on the basis of gender. The law is applicable to all the employees working under the public or private businesses sector. Some Canadian provinces such as Manitoba and Ontario have their specific laws regarding pay equity which is applied wi thin the provincial jurisdiction to all the private and public sector employees. However, despite of all the laws, rules and regulations pay equity is a major problem for Canadian women since it is hardly accessible and very few women are able to avail its advantages (Harewood, 2004). Employees of some of the most reputable organizations such as Bell Canada, Canada Post, Telus and Air Canada have been striving hard to gain pay equity since years yet they haven’t met success (Cote, 2006). This calls for an immediate action in order to extend protection to the female employees and also to restore their fundamental human rights. In this regard we have some successful applications of pay equity legislation such as the one applied in Ontario... Once the law is established for the enforcement of pay equity then it is the obligation of employers to abide by its rules and regulations in order to maintain its essence and also to protect themselves from possible penalties which might fall on them due to law violation. There should be a pay equity commission which would be responsible for the perfect implementation of laws. The commission would also extend educational awareness and techniques of skill development to the employees so as to ensure pay equity in addition to increasing their productivity level. Employees would also be able to register their complaints against pay discrimination and they would be allowed to formulate their specific pay equity strategies. Here the government would have to play its role by extending sufficient funds to the commission so that it can perform its tasks effectively and efficiently. Women maintain a significant proportion of today’s work force which requires them to be more efficient so as to meet the modern age needs and demands. When women face issues related to pay equity then they fail to contribute in the best way towards the organizational goals and objectives. In this paper, some of the most significant solutions to resolve the issue of pay equity are explained including job evaluation, job category, employee evaluation, etc with the help of analyzing Ontario example and other successfully implemented pay equity laws. It is very important to implement effective legislative laws in Canada so as to get rid of the wage gap.

3D xml Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

3D xml - Essay Example X3D builds on the success of the Virtual Reality Modelling Language (VRML) with expanded features such as stricter conformance, additional data encoding formats, and more advanced APIs. Its componentized architecture introduces the profiles feature, which allows for a modular approach to supporting the standard. X3D also features backward compatibility with legacy VRML data (http://www.web3d.org/x3d/specifications/x3d/).   In order to model the numerous graphics nodes constituting a virtual environment, the X3D software makes use of a scene graph, which is a directed and cyclic tree structure. This type of graph has a definite beginning with parent-child relationships between each node, with each node having a single parent. The only exception to this rule is the X3D root at the very top of the graph. The graph in itself contains no cycles or loops, and it organizes all aspects of a 3D scene in a hierarchal manner that systematizes appearance, animation, geometry and event routing (Brutzman, Daily, 2007). As has been already stated, the software is based on VRML or the Virtual Reality Modelling Language, an international standard first adopted in 1997. However, X3D differs from VRML in its inclusion of Extensible Markup Language (XML), which allows it to integrate with other Internet-based software (Brutzman, Daily, 2007).   X3D’s scene-graph architecture and file-format encoding are based on existing VRML technology, which is formally known as the ISO/IEC 14772 -1:1997 international standard. However, it is more commonly known as VRML 2 or VRML 97, and it is well-known for a highly expressive 3D interchange format that is supported by a wide range of codebases and tools. VRML 97’s geometry and behaviour capabilities are expressed in X3D through XML. Moreover, X3D enables users to carry out node prototyping and program scripting, whether in ECMAScript or in Java. All of these features provide outstanding support for

The Slave Trade: British Industrial Revolution

The Slave Trade: British Industrial Revolution The debate over whether west African slave trade fueled the British industrial revolution or not has gone on for quite some time and will continue to do so for many more years. Research has been done, claims have been made, and there are arguments benefitting both sides of the debate. West African slave trade did, in fact, fuel the British industrial revolution and this can be found by researching the profits made by slave trade practices, the growth of two major British banks as the result of the profits, the growth of the transportation industry, the increase in overseas trade, and the support of the British people. The profits made by slave trade practices have been disputed by many historians with the argument that they have been grossly overstated. However, Barbara Solow, as cited by William Darity, Jr., uses the following quote to say just the opposite: If slave trade profits were eight percent of investment in Britain in 1770, is that small when today total corporate profits amount to forty percent? No industry manages as much as eight percent. Solows quote was made in 1980, so with the knowledge that no single industry was able to produce revenue of eight percent then, when industry was continuing to grow, it can be safely inferred that west African slave trade did provide significant profits that were used to promote the industrial revolution. Not only were the profits made by African slave trading large, but they were frequently invested into banks and textile factories, both of which were a huge part of the industrial revolution. Two of Britains largest and most successful banks, Barclays and Lloyds, each received a large amount of slave trade profits throughout the eighteenth century. Both of these banks, among others in Liverpool and Manchester, became very important to the industrial revolution as they were able to provide credit to new British industries as they were getting started. Although it is impossible to say that Britains industrial revolution would never have taken place if it had not been boosted by the profits provided by slave trade, it is easy to believe that it would have been postponed for a lengthy amount of time. The banking industry was not the only one that was launched during the time of slave trade. The transportation industry also grew. The growth of the transportation industry is quite easy to see in eighteenth century Britain because in order to go through the motions of triangular trade it was necessary for British crewmen to have access to ships. As more and more ships were built and then bought for use in triangular trade, it made it possible for the transportation industry to grow and, in turn, provide more capital for Britain and its growing industries, along with employment opportunities for British men. Although slave trade played a pivotal role in eighteenth century Britain, there were other things taking place that had a significant impact on society. Triangular trade, taking place between Britain, Africa, and North America, also played a part in Britains industrial revolution. According to David Richardson, the official value of British exports rose almost six fold over the century while imports increased over fivefold. An increase that large in the value of British exports results in another set of great profits being made, and many of the products that were exported could be tied directly back to the manual labor of west Africans purchased during the slave trade. Had the slave trade not taken place, Britains exports, imports, and trade in general would not have had the opportunity to grow as it did. Finally, the slave trade had the support of the British people. In 1788, Parliament held hearings on the slave trade practices and sought information to determine whether or not it should be abolished. Various people either testified or wrote letters to convey their feelings about the slave trade, and many expressed the view that abolishing slave trade would be detrimental to the health of Britains growing industries and society. James Penny wrote such a letter, and expressed his opinion by saying, Should this trade be abolished, it would not only affect the Commercial Interest, but also the Landed Property of the County of Lancaster, and more particularly the Town of Liverpool, whose fall, in that case, would be as rapid as its Rise has been outstanding. A second letter read, The effects of this trade to Great Britain are beneficial to an infinite extent and there is hardly any Branch of Commerce in which this nation is concerned that does not derive some advantage from it. As these are real quotes from British citizens during the time of the slave trade, it becomes obvious that the men working in the newly industrialized version of Britain felt that the countrys industrial success came about because of the slave trade. As mentioned earlier, the debate over whether the slave trade truly fueled Britains industrial revolution is not new. However, there is significant evidence pointing to west African slave trade having a profound effect on British industrialization, and this evidence can be seen in the profits made by slave trade practices, the growth of British banks as the result of the profits, the growth of the transportation industry, the increase in overseas trade, and the overall support of slave trade by the British people.

Essay --

Ambiguous Adventure Essay Ambiguous Adventure, written by Cheikh Hamidou Kane, compares traditional Islamic education with the new western education that was introduced through colonization. The novel follows the journey of Samba Diallo whose home of Diallobe was conquered by the French and was being colonized. Ambiguous Adventure demonstrates the traditional Islamic education in comparison to the new western education and ideals throughout Samba Diallo’s journey. Samba Diallo grew up in Diallobe in an elite family. Diallobe was recently colonized by the French and his town is having a hard time assimilating to the French ideal and education. Diallo describes this colonization that â€Å"we have nothing left - thanks to them - and it is thus that they hold us. He who wants to live, who wants to remain himself, must compromise† (pg. 9). Diallo spent most of his childhood in the Glowing Hearth, a koranic school, being taught by his koranic teacher Thierno. Thierno believed that Diallo has a divine gift, and is especially hard on Diallo in order to drive him to achieve greater things. Thierno believes that Diallo will become the next koranic teacher of Diallobe. Diallo becomes a religious disciple, however right before he is about to learn how to apply his knowledge of the Koran, he is pulled from the Glowing Hearth to be sent to the new western school. â€Å"I had interrupted my studies with the teacher of the Diallobe at the very momen t when he was about to initiate me at last into the rational understanding of what up to then I had done no more than recite† (pg. 143). The Most Royal Lady is Diallo’s older cousin, and sister to the chief of Diallobe. She calls a community meeting and decides that in order to fight back against the coloni... ...t rather learn how to fight back. On the flip side, the Modern education represents the Modernist point of view during colonization. They want to learn how to incorporate parts of French culture and philosophy into their traditional Islamic ways. Samba Diallo makes the transformation into a modernist throughout the book, however he was never fully able to show his new philosophical knowledge because he was killed. If Diallo had completed his koranic knowledge, then he might of been rooted stronger in it and wouldn’t of been so torn between his Islamic roots and the new western ideas. Ambiguous Adventure shows how the traditional Islamic education and the new western education played a big role during the process of colonization. By: Ashley Fleetwood Word Count: 1,416 Kane, Cheikh Hamidou. â€Å"Ambiguous Adventure†. Melville House Publishing. Brooklyn, New York. 2012

Focus groups

â€Å"MARKETING RESEARCH †IntroductionBefore traveling farther we must understand definition of Marketing. American Marketing Association defines selling as â€Å"the systematic assemblage, entering and analyzing of informations about jobs associating to the selling of goods and services† . There are many research techniques that can be used for marketing intent, among that we are traveling to discourse about Focus groupFocus GroupA focal point group is a particular type of group in footings of intent, size, composing and process. A intent of focal point group is to listen and garner information. It is a manner to better understand how people think or feel about an issue, merchandises and services. Participants are selected because they have certain focal point group provide qualitative informations features that relate to the subject of focal point group. A focal point group survey is carefully planned series of treatment designed to obtain a perceptual experience on a defined country of involvement in a permissive, nonthreatening environment. Each group is created by six or eight people by skilled interviewer. The treatment are relaxed and frequently participant enjoy sharing their thoughts and perceptual experience. Group member influences each other by reacting to thoughts and remarks of others.A. FeaturesFollowing are the chief features of Focus groups.1. Focus groups involves peoples: –Focus group typically composed of five to ten peoples, but the size can run from every bit few as four to every bit many as 12. The group must be little plenty for everyone to hold an chance to portion penetrations and yet big plenty to diverseness of perceptual experience. When the group exceeds a twelve participants there is a inclination for the group to break up. Participants want to speak but unable to speak because there is merely non a sufficient intermission in the conversation. In this state of affairs participants portion by whispering to the people next to them. This is signal that group is large. Small group of four or five participants afford more chance.2. Peoples possess the certain featuresFocus groups are composed of participants who are similar to each other in a manner that is of import to researcher. The nature of this homogeneousness is determine by the intent of survey. This similarity is footing for enlisting and participants are typically informed of this common factor at the beginning of treatment. This homogeneousness can be loosely or narrowly defined, for illustration suppose an grownup community instruction wanted to cognize more about how to make people who have n't participated in their plan. In this instance homogeneousness could be loosely define as grownups who live in the community who have non yet attend community instruction session. Group member can be vary by age, gender, business, and involvement, but member have the commonalty of being grownups, community members and non members.3. Focus groups provide a qualitative information: –The end of focal point group is to roll up informations that are involvement to the research worker typically to happen the scope of options of people across several groups. This research compares and contrasted informations collected from at least three focal point groups. This differs from other group interactions in which the end is to come to some decision at the terminal of a treatment – range consensus, supply recommendations or do determinations among options. The focal point groups present a natural environment than that of an person because participants are act uponing and influenced by others merely as they are i n life. The research worker serves several maps in the focal point group, moderator, hearer, observer and finally analyst utilizing an inductive procedure.4. Focus groups have a focussed treatment: –The inquiries in focal point group are carefully predetermined. The inquiries are phrased and sequence so they are easy to understand and logical to the participants. Most are unfastened ended inquiries. These inquiries appear self-generated but are develop through considerable contemplation and input. The set of inquiries called oppugning path or interview usher is so arranged in natural and logical sequence. Question near the beginning of the groups are more general. As the groups continues the inquiries becomes more specific and more focussed. The beginning inquiries help acquire people speaking and believing about the subject. Questions near the terminal of group typically yield the most utile information. There is no force per unit area by moderator to hold the group reach co nsensus. Alternatively attending is placed on understanding the feeling, the remark, and through procedure of participants as they discussed the issues.B. Uses of Focus groupFollowing are the utilizations of focal point groups research techniques. 1. Helps in determination devising 2. Helps for merchandise development 3. This information can be used for research intent 4. They are of import for treatment intent.When to utilize focal point group1. To prove new construct 2. To measure advertising/ copy 3. To measure publicity 4. To developed questionnaire 5. To bring forth thoughts or support brainstorming 6. To place product/services 7. To measure merchandise serviceabilityC. Advantages: –1. Malleability 2. Provides observation of existent consumer in an synergistic scene. 3. Involves fewer participants compared to quantitative methods. 4. Can be arranged on short notice and at a lower cost. 5. Statistical analysis is unneeded.D. Disadvantages: –1. Focus group consequences are non quantitative 2. Sample size is little ; consequence are non projectable 3. Participants do non stand for the mark market 4. Subject are way of the treatment are moderator dependant 5. Careful reading of the information is important.E. How to carry on focal point groupA short overview of the literature provides some suggestion for carry oning focal point groups. The figure of groups you should carry on depends on your research inquiry and on the figure of different population subgroups required ( morgan1988, p.42 ) .it is by and large suggested that it is more appropriate to work with unusual alternatively of groups of friends or people who know each other really good, because the degree of ( 1988, p.48 ) .it is besides suggested that you should get down with the group every bit heterogenous as possible and so run a 2nd set if groups that are more homogenous ( 1988, p.73 ) .in each instance it is necessary to get down the group with some sort of warming up.These two gap of focal point groups are really typical and helpful:Before we begin our treatment, it will be helpful for us to acquire acquainted with one another. Let ‘s get down with some introductory remarks about ourselves. Ten, why do n't you get down and we ‘ll travel around the tabular array and give our names and small about what we do for life? Today we ‘re traveling to discourse an issue that affects you. Before we get into treatment, allow me do few petition of you. First, you should cognize that we are tape entering the session so that I can mention back to treatment when I write my study. If anyone is uncomfortable with being recorded please say so and, of class you are free to go forth. Make talk up and Lashkar-e-Taibas try to hold merely one individual speak at a clip. I will pay traffic bull and seek to guarantee that everyone gets turn. Finally, delight state precisely what you think, do n't worry about what I think what our neighbour thinks. We are here to interchange sentiment and have fun while we do it. Why do n't we get down by presenting ourselves?Postal QuestionnaireQuestionnaire is a list of written inquiries, there are two types of questionnaire, foremost were respondent could inquire to finish the inquiry with research worker non present these types of questionnaire is called as postal questionnaire. And secondly respondent could inquire to finish inquiry with research nowadays is called as structured interview ( Sociological Research Skills ) .Questionnaires are restricted two types:Near ended: in this type research worker provides a list of suited response ( Sociological Research Skills ) . Open ended: in this type research worker non supply any suited list of response to the response dent.respondent asked to compose the reply in their ain manner ( Sociological Research Skills ) . For my undertaking I am utilizing postal questionnaire because I am a pupil and I am non able to travel each and every topographic points of Singapore. One of the most dependable methods of research is postal questionnaire because it ‘s really easy for research worker to standardise and analyse the inquiries. Each respondent answered precisely same inquiry. And I am utilizing stopping point ended inquirer in this.AppendixQuestionnaireQ.1a. Among all new theoretical accounts of auto which theoretical account you purchased?Answer: – — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —  œQ.1b. When?Answer Day: – _____ , Month: – _______ , Year: – ________Q.2 What primary factors will you see foremost while buying a auto?Answer ( A ) Average ( B ) Speed ( C ) Maintenance ( D ) ComfortQ.3 By what beginning you come to cognize about this auto?Answer ( A ) Internet ( B ) Television( C ) Magazine ( D ) Motor Show Exhibition ( E ) OtherIf other please advert your beginning below: – †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Q.4 How much clip will you pass for determination of buying a new auto?Answer ( A ) Less than two hebdomads ( B ) 2 hebdomads to 4 hebdomads ( C ) 4 hebdomads to 6 hebdomads ( D ) More than 6 hebdomadsQ.5 Time taken by trader from puting order to bringing of order?Answer ( A ) Less than 3 hebdomads ( B ) Three hebdomads to one month ( C ) One month to three months ( D ) More than three monthsQ.6 Among all this companies which companies auto will you prefer?Answer ( A ) Audi ( B ) Lancer ( C ) Mercedes ( D ) SonataQ.7 Excluding any sedimentation how was your vehicle chiefly paid for?Answer ( A ) Loan ( B ) Cash ( C ) Leasing ( D ) OtherQ.8 After subscribing a contract how many yearss did it takes for your vehicle to be delivered?Answer ______________ DaysQ.9 Please place the chief alternate vehicle that you considered?Answer†¦ à ¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ .Q.10 How would you rate your overall buying experience at the franchise?Answer ( A ) Poor ( B ) Met outlook ( C ) Satisfactory ( D ) ExcellentQ.11 Did you receive any benefits for taking an alternate specification to ypur preferable pick?Answer ( A ) No ( B ) Yes If yes please reference below †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ .Q.12 How did you corroborate your concluding order with trader?Answer ( A ) Phone ( B ) Fax ( C ) Personally ( D ) OtherQ.13 Is this auto is satisfactory to your demands?Answer ( A ) Yes ( B ) No Reason: – †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ .. †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦Q. 14 Do you believe buying auto is really hard process?Answer ( A ) Yes ( B ) NoQ. 15 How satisfied are you with the clip taken to finish the full sale procedure at your franchise?Answer ( A ) Poor ( B ) Average ( C ) Satisfactory ( D ) OutstandingDecision: –†¢ This study inside informations the consequences of a study of new auto purchasers which aimed to understand their purchasing demands and behavior in relation to build-to-order and short bringing lead times. It was portion of a research programme that examined the nature of demand for a Car †¢ Brochures, trader gross revenues staff, auto magazines and friends/relatives were the most common beginnings of new auto information beginnings used. The cyberspace was used by merely under one fifth, and peculiar by those aged 25 to 35 old ages. †¢ Colour or pigment type was the most popular type of specification alteration, and 46 % of those who compromised said they received some signifier of benefit from the trader for making so – preponderantly a price reduction on their new autos, followed by specification ascent. There big differences across the trade names in the benefits offered. †¢ The most common twenty-four hours for doing an order was Saturday, and the most common twenty-four hours for roll uping the new auto was Friday. Most orders and aggregations were made in the afternoon, though about 20 % said they collected their autos in the eventide †¢ On norm, new auto purchasers contacted or visited their trader three times when buying their auto †¢ Key themes that emerged from the consequences included the differences in attitudes and behavior of younger auto purchasers, and differences between volume and specialist purchasers. †¢ Younger auto purchasers are much more impatient than older purchasers and more predisposed to altering their behavior to guarantee they are ‘instantly gratified ‘ . †¢ Specialist purchasers are prepared to wait longer for their autos, with the suggestion that they make a clear nexus between quality and clip – that is, a premium auto by its nature will take longer to do and present. While technically there should be small difference in fabrication and bringing clip for both volume and specializer autos, it can be argued that the current selling and gross revenues system feats and reinforces this out-of-date belief. †¢ Overall, the research suggests that order to bringing clip affairs to new auto purchasers, that consumers expectation are high in footings of a short lead clip.MentionFocus Group As Qualitative Research David L. Morgan Focus Groups Theory and Practice David W. Stewart, Denis W. Rook The Focus Group Research Handbook Holly Edmunds

The Pros and Cons of Democracy Essay - 1633 Words

Churchill’s claim that â€Å"democracy is the worst form of government except all the others that have been tried† is deliberately provocative and intended to challenge the reader’s simplistic ideal that democracy is without faults. There are an estimated 114 democracies in the world today (Wong, Oct 3rd lecture). A figure that has increased rapidly in the last century not necessarily because democracy is the best form of government, but primarily for reason that in practice, under stable social, economic and political conditions, it has the least limitations in comparison to other forms of government. Be it the transparency of a democratic government or the prevalence of majority rule, all subdivisions of democracy benefit and hinder its†¦show more content†¦Additionally, in more precarious democratic governments such as India’s, peoples right to power is still recognized. Ronojoy Sen remarks of India’s 2009 elections that, â€Å"a handfu l of successful professionals and entrepreneurs even ran†(cite). Despite implying that only successful peoples were exercising their liberties, elucidated in this article is the potential of any citizen to attain political power, demonstrating true liberal democracy in its purest form. Communism does not give its people these liberties, the party is the â€Å"agent for creating political development† (Janos, pg. 2) and there is little need for elections as the outcome is pre-determined. In the case of Nazism, while Hitler utilised democracy to attain power, once in control democracy was replaced with autocracy. Prevalent flaws within most modern democracies are evident in their social and economic systems. One such problem, in a system that advocates freedom to do whatever you please, is the consequential wealth disparity (Wong, Oct. 24 lecture, tutorial). Aristotle once said that, â€Å"democracy is the form of government in which†¦ the free are the many and the rich are the few†. This highlights a paradox of democracy in that it attempts to be equal to all, yet often the rich will get richer and the poor will get poorer, and an increasing wealth divide will influence governance. Constant writes (pg. 12), â€Å"wealth is a power more readily available at any moment†¦ moreShow MoreRelatedThe Pros And Cons Of Democracy882 Words   |  4 Pages Democracy means rule by the people. In democracy citizens exercise political power and express their opinions on the issues facing them. Politicians come from the ranks of the citizenry and represent the best interests of the citizens they represent. The people are the one’s in control and that means uncertainty is the only thing certain. 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